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The palatal nasal is a type of Consonant , used in some Spoken Language s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J. The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter ''n'' with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter. Compare n and . The symbol should not be confused with , the symbol for the Retroflex Nasal , which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem or with , the symbol for the Velar Nasal , which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem.


Features


Features of the palatal nasal:



In English


In some dialects of English , the sequence /nj/ is sometimes realized as the palatal nasal plus a offglide, via coalescence, a type of Assimilation . For example, ''onion'' might be realized as or ''canyon'' might be realized as . However, there are no Minimal Pair s for [nj and , so the palatal nasal is not a separate Phoneme in English.


In other languages



Romance languages

A combination of the palatal nasal with a {Link without Title} -like offglide is fairly common in Romance Languages :


Catalan

Catalan has or perhaps as a phoneme, and it is denoted by .


French


French has or perhaps as a phoneme, and it is denoted by .


IstroRomanian


IstroRomanian has or perhaps as a phoneme, and it is denoted by <ń>.


Italian


Italian has or perhaps as a phoneme, and it is denoted by , as in '' Gnocchi '' (a type of pasta).


Portuguese


Portuguese has as a phoneme, and it is denoted by , as in ''manhã'' (morning).


Spanish


Spanish has the palatal nasal as a phoneme in many dialects, and this is denoted by <ñ>, as in ''mañana'' (morning). However, in Mexico <ñ> is a Palatalized Alveolar Nasal , . The difference is this: a true palatal is pronounced with contact between the middle of the tongue and the palate. The front of the tongue is not involved. In a palatalized alveolar (or dental), it is the front of the tongue that makes the contact, as in but the middle of the tongue is simultaneously raised toward the palate, as in [j . That is, is pronounced like a simultaneous and [j , while or perhaps is palatal, though it may have a [j]-like offglide.


Finnish

The Eastern dialects of Finnish , but not the standard language, retain the feature of Palatalization , and the palatal nasal is the palatalized version of /n/. When the palatal nasal is in the position where standard Finnish would use , it is commonly written , for example ''mänj'' or perhaps , compare standard language ''meni'' {Link without Title} .


Hungarian

Hungarian has as a phoneme, and it is denoted by , as in ''Ottomány'' (//). Even when in the final position, it retains its character as // and does not degenerate to /nj/. See also Hungarian Ny .


Slavic languages


This sound also occurs in Slavic Languages , for example in Russian and Belarusian нь, Polish '''ń''', Croatian '''nj''', and Slovak and Czech '''ň'''.

In Czech and Slovak, it is also pronounced in ni '''ní''' [ and in Czech '''ně''' and Slovak '''ne''' - both pronounced as [].

In Polish, it is also pronounced in ni '''nia''' [ , '''nie''' '''nio''' [ and '''niu''' [].


Latvian


This sound is written like ''Ņ ņ''.

Vietnamese


Vietnamese has as a phoneme, and it is denoted by , as in ''nhai'' (//) - to chew.


See also