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Language extinction also occurs when a language undergoes a rapid evolution or assimilation until it eventually gives birth to an offspring, yet, dissimilar language (or family of languages). Such is the case with Latin ; an extinct (dead) language but the parent of the modern Romance Languages . Likewise Sanskrit is the parent of the modern Indo-Aryan Languages and Old English is the parent of Modern English . There are apparently children using Sanskrit as a Revived Language in Mathoor Village (India) {Link without Title} . In some cases, an extinct language remains in use for Scientific , Legal , or Ecclesiastical functions. Sanskrit , Latin , Old Church Slavonic , Avestan , Coptic , Old Tibetan and Ge'ez are among the many extinct languages used as Sacred Language s. A language that does have living native speakers is called a living language. Ethnologue claims there are 6,912 living languages known. {Link without Title} In at least one case, Hebrew , an extinct Liturgical language has been Revived to become a living language. There have been other attempts at language revival (such as Manx and Cornish ), but the success of these attempts has been subject to debate, as it is not clear they will ever become the common native language of a community of speakers. Recently extinct languages ''Main article: List Of Extinct Languages '' With last known speaker and/or date of death: # entire '' Alsean Family '' ## '' Alsea '': John Albert (1942) ## '' Yaquina '': (1884) # '' Apalachee '': (early 18th century) # '' Atakapa '': (early 20th century) # '' Atsugewi '': (1988) # '' (white person name: "Nancy April") (1829) # entire '' Catawban Family '': ## '' Catawba '': before 1960 ## '' Woccon '' # '' Cayuse '': (ca. 1930s) # '' Chemakum '': (ca. 1940s) # '' Chimariko '': (ca. 1930s) # '' Chitimacha '': Benjamin Paul (1934) & Delphine Ducloux (1940) # entire '' Chumashan Family '': Barbareño language was last to become extinct. ## '' Barbareño '': Mary Yee (1965) ## '' Ineseño '' ## '' Island Chumash '' ## '' Obispeño '' ## '' Purisimeño '' ## '' Ventureño '' # '' Coahuilteco '': (18th century) # '' Cochimí '' (a Yuman-Cochimí language): (early 19th century) # entire '' Comecrudan Family '' ## '' Comecrudo '': recorded from children (Andrade, Emiterio, Joaquin, & others) of last speakers in 1886 ## '' Garza '': last recorded in 1828 ## '' Mamulique '': last recorded in 1828 # entire '' Coosan Family '' ## '' Hanis '': Martha Johnson (1972) ## '' Miluk '': Annie Miner Peterson (1939) # '' Cornish '': (1777) (undergoing attempts at revival) # all '' Costanoan '' languages (which make up a subfamily of the Utian Language Family ): (ca. 1940s) ## '' Karkin '' ## '' Mutsun '' ## '' Northern Costanoan '' ## '' Rumsen '' ## '' Soledad '' # '' Cotoname '': last recorded from Santos Cavázos and Emiterio in 1886 # '' Esselen '': report of few speakers left in 1833, extinct before end 19th century # '' Gabrielino '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): elderly speakers last recorded in 1933 # '' Galice-Applegate '' (an Athabaskan language): ## ''Galice dialect'': Hoxie Simmons (1963) # '' Juaneño '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): last recorded in 1934 # '' (July 2002 ) # entire '' Kalapuyan Family '': ## '' Central Kalapuya '': ### ''Ahantchuyuk'', ''Luckimute'', ''Mary's River'', and ''Lower McKenzie River dialects'': last speakers were about 6 persons who were all over 60 in 1937 ### ''Santiam dialect'': (ca. 1950s) ## '' Northern Kalapuya '': ### ''Tualatin dialect'': Louis Kenoyer (1937) ### ''Yamhill dialect'': Louisa Selky (1915) ## '' Yonkalla '': last recorded in 1937 from Laura Blackery Albertson who only partly remembered it. # '' Kamassian '': (1989) # '' Karankawa '': (1858) # '' Kathlamet '' (a Chinookan language): (ca. 1930s) # '' Kitanemuk '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, Refugia Duran (last recorded 1937) # '' Kitsai '' (a Caddoan language): (ca. 1940) # '' Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie '' (an Athabaskan language): children of the last speakers remembered a few words, recorded in 1935 & 1942 ## ''Clatskanie dialect'': father of Willie Andrew (ca. 1870) ## ''Kwalhioqua dialect'': mother of Lizzie Johnson (1910) # '' Lower Chinook '' (a Chinookan language): (ca. 1930s) # '' Mahican '': last spoken in Wisconsin (ca. 1930s) # '' (December 1974 ) (but is being Revived as a Second Language ) # '' Mattole-Bear River '' (an Athabaskan language): ## ''Bear River dialect'': material from last elderly speaker recorded (ca. 1929) ## ''Mattole dialect'': material recorded (ca. 1930) # '' Miami - Illinois '': (1989) # '' Mohegan '': Fidelia Fielding (1908) # '' Molala '': Fred Yelkes (1958) # '' Munichi '': Victoria Huancho Icahuate (late 1990s) # '' Natchez '': Watt Sam & Nancy Raven (early 1930s) # '' Negerhollands '': Alice Stevenson (1987) # '' Nooksack '': Sindick Jimmy (1977) # '' Northern Pomo '': (1994) # '' Nottoway '' (an Iroquoian language): last recorded before 1836 # '' Pentlatch '' (a Salishan language): Joe Nimnim (1940) # '' Salinan '': (ca. 1960) # entire '' Shastan Family '' ## '' Konomihu '' ## '' New River Shasta '' ## '' Okwanuchu '' ## '' Shasta '': 3 elderly speakers in 1980, extinct by 1990 # '' Siuslaw '': (ca. 1970s) # '' Susquehannock '': all last speakers murdered in 1763 # '' Takelma '': Molly Orton (or Molly Orcutt) & Willie Simmons (both not fully fluent) last recorded in 1934 # '') # '' Tataviam '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): Juan José Fustero who remembered only a few words of his grandparents' language (recorded 1913) # '' Tetete an Ecuador ian language. # '' Tillamook '' (a Salishan language): (1970) # '' Tonkawa '': 6 elderly people in 1931 # '' Tsetsaut '' (an Athabaskan language): last fluent speaker was elderly man recorded in 1894 # '' Tunica '': Sesostrie Youchigant (ca. mid 20th century) # '' (October 1992 ) # all dialects of ''Upper Chinook'' (a Chinookan language) are extinct, except for the Wasco-Wishram dialect. The '' Clackamas dialect'' began extinct in the 1930s, other dialects have little documentation. (The Wasco-Wishram Dialect is still spoken by 6 elders.) # '' Upper Umpqua '': Wolverton Orton, last recorded in 1942 # ''Vegliot 1898 # '' Wappo '' # '' Wiyot '': Della Prince (1962) # '' Yana '': Ishi (1916) See also External links Notes/References Bibliography
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