including Heads Of State s or of Subnational Entities . A historical discipline, Archontology , focuses on the study of past and current incumbents.
Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles ( Main Article and " Politics Of ") and the List Of National Leaders , recent changes on 2005 In Politics , and past leaders on State Leaders By Year and Colonial Governors By Year .
Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. Abdication , Assassinated Persons , Cabinet , Chancellor , Ex-monarchs (20th Century) , Head Of Government , Head Of State , Lieutenant Governor , Mayor , Military Commanders , Minister (and Ministers By Portfolio below), Order Of Precedence , Peerage , President , Prime Minister , Reichstag Participants (1792) , Secretary Of State .
See also International Organization Leaders By Year .
''See also:'' List Of International Organization Leaders In 2003 , 2004
- Akkad
- --- Kings Of Akkad
- --- Gutian Kings
- Assyria
- --- Kings Of Assyria
- Athens
- --- King Of Athens
- --- Archons Of Athens
- Axumite Kingdom
- --- Kings Of Axum
- Babylon
- --- Kings Of Babylon
- Bithynia
- --- Kings Of Bithynia
- British Isles
- --- Great Britain
-- Legendary Kings Of The Britons
-- Roman Governors Of Britannia
- --- Ireland
-- Semi-legendary High Kings Of Ireland
- Cappadocia
- --- Kings Of Cappadocia
- Carthage
- --- Kings Of Carthage
- Cyrene
- --- Kings Of Cyrene
- Dacia
- --- Dacian Kings
- Kings of Diaokhi
- Egypt
- --- Pharaoh s
- --- Egyptian Dynasties
- Elamite emperors, see '' Elamite Empire ''
- Galatia
- --- Kings Of Galatia
- Hanilgalbat
- ---Kings of Hanilgabat, see '' Hanilgalbat '' and '' Mitanni ''
- Hittites
- --- Kings Of The Hittites
- Leaders of the Huns
- India
- --- List Of Indian Monarchs
- --- The Kurus , see '' Janjua ''
- ---The Pauravas
- ---Emperors of Magadha , see '' Shishunaga Dynasty ''
- ---Emperors of Nanda, see '' Nanda Dynasty ''
- ---The Pandya s
- --- Mauryan emperors, see '' List Of Maurya Emperors ''
- ---Emperors of Sunga , see '' Sunga Dynasty ''
- ---Kings of Chera, see '' Chera ''
- ---Emperors of Satavahana, see '' Satavahana ''
- ---Greco-Bactrian kings, see '' Greco-Bactrian Kingdom ''
- ---Indo-Greek kings, see '' Indo-Greek Kingdom ''
- ---Indo-Scythian kings, see '' Indo-Scythian ''
- ---Indo-Parthian kings, see '' Indo-Parthian Kingdom ''
- --- Chola emperors
- ---Kushan emperors, see '' Kushan Empire ''
- --- Western Kshatrapas
- ---Emperors of Gupta , see '' Gupta Dynasty ''
- --- Khilji emperors
- --- List Of Mughal Emperors
- ---Rulers of Mysore , see '' Kingdom Of Mysore ''
- Ancient Jewish Rulers
- --- Kings Of Israel
- --- Kings Of Judah
- --- Kings Of Judea
- --- High Priests Of Israel
- Kommagene
- --- Kings Of Kommagene
- Kush
- --- Kushite Kings
- --- List Of Egyptian Viceroys Of Kush
- Lydia
- --- Kings Of Lydia
- Macedon
- --- Kings Of Macedon
- Mauretania
- --- Kings Of Mauretania
- The Medes
- --- Kings Of The Medes
- Moesia
- --- Roman Governors Of Lower Moesia
- Nabatea
- --- Rulers Of Nabatea
- Numidia
- --- Kings Of Numidia
- Osroene
- Paionia
- --- List Of Paionian Kings
- Pergamon
- --- Attalid Kings Of Pergamon
- Persia
- ---Kings of Persia, see '' History Of Persia ''
-- Achaemenid Dynasty
-- Seleucid Dynasty
-- Arsacid Dynasty
-- Sassanid Dynasty
- Pontus
- --- Kings Of Pontus
- Rome
- --- Kings Of Rome
- --- Republican Roman Consuls , Early Imperial Roman Consuls , and Late Imperial Roman Consuls
- --- Censors
- --- Roman Dictator s
- --- Roman Emperors
- --- Roman Usurpers
- --- Prefects Of The Praetorian Guard
- Scandinavia
- --- Mythological Kings Of Sweden
- Sparta
- --- Kings Of Sparta
- Sumer
- --- Kings Of Sumer
- ---Rulers of Lagash, see '' Lagash ''
- Syracuse
- ---Tyrants of Syracuse, see '' Syracuse, Italy ''
- Thrace
- ---Kings of Odrysia, see '' Odrysian ''
- Tyre
- --- Kings Of Tyre
- Ugarit
- ---Kings of Ugarit, see '' Ugarit ''
- Urartu
- --- Kings Of Urartu
- Adil Shahi kings of Bijapur
- List Of Kings Of Ani
- List Of Armenian Kings
- Monarchs Of The Armenian Kingdom Of Cilicia
- Ahom Rulers of Assam
- Kings of Ayutthaya, see '' Ayutthaya Kingdom ''
- Bahmani sultans, see '' Bahmani Sultanate ''
- Bhonsle maharajas of Satara , Thanjavur , Kolhapur , and Nagpur
- Rulers of Chalukya
- Chauhan rulers of Ajmer
- The Table Of Chinese Monarchs
- Sultans of Delhi, see '' Delhi Sultanate ''
- Gaekwad maharajas of Vadodara
- Ghaznavid emperors, see '' Ghaznavid Empire ''
- Gokturk kagans
- Kings of Golconda , see '' Qutb Shahi Dynasty ''
- Khans of the Golden Horde
- Emperors of Gupta , see '' Gupta Dynasty ''
- Kings of Gujarat , see '' Solanki ''
- Kings of Haripunchai, see '' Haripunchai ''
- Nizams Of Hyderabad
- List Of Hunnish Rulers
- List Of Indian Monarchs
- List Of Emperors Of Japan
- Kachwaha rulers of Amber and Jaipur
- Khans of Kara-Khitai, see '' Kara-Khitan Khanate ''
- List Of Kazan Khans
- List Of Khazar Rulers
- Maitraka dynasty of Gujarat
- Khilji sultans of Delhi and Malwa
- Khmer emperors, see '' Khmer Empire ''
- Rulers Of Korea
- Kings of Lanna, see '' Lanna ''
- Sultans of Malacca, see '' Sultanate Of Malacca ''
- Kings of Mataram, see '' Kingdom Of Mataram ''
- List Of Mughal Emperors
- Muzaffarid Dynasty of Gujarat
- Kings of Mysore, see '' Kingdom Of Mysore ''
- Nizam Shahi Dynasty of Ahmadnagar
- Datus and Sultans of the Philippine Islands, see '' Sultanate Of Sulu '' and '' History Of The Philippines ''
- Emperors of Pala, see '' Pala Empire ''
- Paramara kings of Malwa
- Pallava emperors, see '' Pallava ''
- Peshwa rulers of the Maratha Empire
- Ponwar rulers of Chhatarpur and Dewas
- Rulers of Rashtrakuta
- Rathore rulers of Marwar and Bikaner
- Reddy dynasty
- Saffarid Dynasty
- Scindia maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior
- Sesodia ranas and maharanas of Mewar
- Shahi dynasty
- Slave Dynasty of Delhi
- Kings of Tamil Nadu , see '' Cholas ''
- List Of Emperors Of Tibet
- Kings of Sukhothai, see '' Sukhothai Kingdom ''
- Vaghela kings of Gujarat
- Vijayanagaran emperors, see '' Vijayanagara Empire ''
- Kings of Vietnam, see '' History Of Vietnam ''
- --- Ly Dynasty
- Wodeyar dynasty of Mysore
- Yadava rulers of Devagiri
- Kings of Albania, see '' Kingdom Of Albania ''
- Barbarian States
- ---Hasdingii rulers, see '' Vandal ''
- ---Visigothic rulers, see '' Visigoth ''
- ---Suevi rulers, see '' Suevi '' or '' Kingdom Of Galicia ''
- ---Ostrogothic rulers, see '' Ostrogoth ''
- Barbarian Kings Of Italy
- List Of Rulers Of Bosnia
- British Isles
- Bretwalda (British Ruler)
- --- England (Angleland)
-- Kings And Queens Of England
-- Kings Of East Anglia
-- Kings Of Essex
-- Kings Of Hwicce
-- Kings Of Kent
-- Kings Of Lindsey
-- Kings Of Mercia
-- Kings Of Northumbria
-- Kings Of Sussex
-- Kings Of Wessex
-- Kings Of Jorvik
-- Earls Of York
-- Earls Of Northumbria
- --- Scotland
-- Kings Of Dál Riata
-- Kings Of The Picts
-- Kings Of The Isles
-- Lords Of Galloway
- --- Wales
-- Rulers Of Wales
-- Kings Of Gwynedd
- --- Ireland
-- Kings Of Ireland
-- Kings Of Breifne
-- Kings Of East Breifne
-- Kings Of Connacht
- Kings Of Moylurg
-- Kings Of Dublin
-- Kings Of Hy-Many
- Kings Of Síol Anmchadha
-- Kings Of Leinster
-- Kings Of Munster
--Kings of Ulaid
- --- Kings Of The Isle Of Man And The Isles
- --- Kings Of The Isle Of Man
- List Of Bulgarian Monarchs
- King Of Burgundy
- List Of Crimean Khans
- Chancellor Of Florence
- Frankish Kings
- --- List Of The Mayors Of The Palaces
- French Monarchs
- --- Prince Of Condé
- --- Prince Of Conti
- --- Dukes Of Aiguillon
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Alençon
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Angouleme
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Anjou
- --- Duke Of Aquitaine
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Auvergne
- --- Duc De Berry
- --- Duke Of Bourbon
- --- Duke Of Brittany
- --- Duke Of Burgundy
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Étampes
- ---Dukes of Gascony, see '' Gascony ''
- --- Duc De Guise
- --- Duke Of Lorraine
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Maine
- ---Counts and Dukes of Montpensier, see '' Montpensier ''
- --- Duc De Nemours
- --- Duke Of Normandy
- --- Duke Of Orléans
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Penthièvre
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Rethel
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Vendôme
- --- Counts Of Arles
- --- Count Of Armagnac
- ---Count of Artois, see '' County Of Artois ''
- ---Lords, Counts, and Dukes of Aumale, see '' List Of Rulers Of Aumale ''
- --- County Of Auxerre
- --- Count Of Blois
- --- Count Of Boulogne
- ---Counts of Brienne, see '' County Of Brienne ''
- --- Count Of Burgundy
- --- Count Of Champagne
- --- Count Of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
- --- Count Of Comminges
- --- Count Of Eu
- --- Count Of Flanders
- --- Count Of Foix
- --- Count Of Ligny
- --- Count Of La Marche
- --- Count Of Meaux
- --- Count Of Meulan
- --- Count Of Mortain
- --- Count Of Nevers
- --- Count Of Paris
- --- Count Of Perche
- --- Count Of Ponthieu
- --- Count Of Poitiers
- --- Counts Of Provence
- --- Counts Of Rouergue
- ---Count of St. Pol, see '' Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise ''
- --- Counts Of Toulouse
- --- Count Of Valentinois
- --- Count Of Verdun
- --- Count Of Vermandois
- --- Counts Of The Véxin
- ---Viscounts of Béarn, see '' Béarn ''
- --- Viscount Of Narbonne
- ---Lords of Albret, see '' Albret ''
- --- Lords Of Baux
- ---Lords of Le Puiset, see '' Le Puiset ''
- ---Lords of Lusignan, see '' Lusignan ''
- ---Lords of Montpellier, see '' Montpellier ''
- ---Lords of Montlhéry, see '' Montlhéry ''
- ---Lords of Montmorency, see '' Montmorency Family ''
- --- Great Officers Of The Crown Of France
-- Marshal Of France
-- Constable Of France
- German Monarchs
- ---Counts, Princes, and Dukes of Arenberg
- --- Margraves, Dukes, And Archdukes Of Austria
- --- Rulers Of Baden
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Bar
- --- List Of Rulers Of Bavaria
- ---Counts of Bentheim
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Alpen
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Bentheim
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Limburg
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Lingen
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Steinfurt
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg
- ---Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda
- ---Electors of Brandenburg, Dukes of Prussia, etc, see: '' Hohenzollern '' and '' List Of Rulers Of Brandenburg And Prussia ''
- ---Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
- ---Dukes of Carinthia, see '' Carinthia (duchy) ''
- --- Counts Of Castell
- ---Counts of Castell-Castell
- ---Counts of Castell-Rüdenhausen
- --- Counts Of Celje
- ---Dukes of Cleves, see '' Duchy Of Cleves ''
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Baar
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Blomberg
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Donaueichingen
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
- ---Princes of Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Geisingen
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
- ---Princes of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Möhringen
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Mötzkirch
- ---Princes of Fürstenberg-Mötzkirch
- ---Princes of Fürstenberg-Pürglitz
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Taikowitz
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Weitra
- ---Counts of Fürstenberg-Wolfach
- --- Rulers Of Hanover
- --- Rulers Of Hesse
- ---Counts, Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- ---Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp
- ---Princes of Klingenberg
- ---Dukes of Krumau
- ---Dukes, Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- ---Dukes, Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- --- List Of Margraves Of Meißen
- --- Burgrave Of Nuremberg
- --- Rulers Of Oldenburg
- ---Counts of Ortenburg-Neuortenburg
- ---Counts of Öttingen-Öttingen
- --- Counts Palatine Of The Rhine And Electors Palatinate
-- Palatinate-Simmern
-- Counts Palatines of Zweibrücken
- ---Counts, Princes of Reuss
- ---Counts of Salm
- ---Counts of Salm-Horstmar
- ---Wildgraves, Rhinegraves, Princes of Salm-Kyrburg
- ---Counts of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
- ---Counts of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach
- ---Counts, Princes of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim
- ---Counts of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz
- ---Counts, Princes of Salm-Salm
- ---Counts of Sayn-Berleburg
- ---Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohnstein
- ---Dukes of Saxe-Coburg And Gotha
- --- Rulers Of Saxony
- ---Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid
- ---Counts of Solms-Braunfels
- ---Counts of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
- ---Counts of Solms-Laubach
- ---Counts of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim
- ---Counts of Solms-Wildenfels
- ---Counts of Stadion-Thannhausen
- ---Counts of Stadion-Warthausen
- ---Counts of Stolberg-Stolberg
- ---Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode
- --- Dukes Of Swabia
- ---Dukes of Styria, see '' Styria (duchy) ''
- ---Princes of Thurn Und Taxis
- --- Counts Of Toggenburg
- ---Counts of Veldenz
- ---Counts of Waldburg-Waldsee
- ---Counts of Waldburg-Wurzach
- ---Counts of Waldburg-Zeil
- ---Princes of Waldeck
- --- Rulers Of Württemberg
- Georgia
- --- Bagrationi Dynasty
- --- List Of Georgian Kings
- List Of Holy Roman Emperors
- List Of Hungarian Rulers
- Italy
- --- King Of Italy
- --- Counts And Dukes Of Apulia And Calabria
- --- Counts Of Aversa
- --- Dukes And Princes Of Benevento
- --- Gastalds And Princes Of Capua
- --- Dukes Of Ferrara And Of Modena
- --- Hypati And Dukes Of Gaeta
- --- Doges Of Genoa
- --- Marquises And Dukes Of Mantua
- --- Lords And Dukes Of Milan
- --- Marquises Of Montferrat
- --- Dukes Of Naples
- --- Princes Of Salerno
- --- Marquises Of Saluzzo
- --- Counts, Dukes, And Kings Of Savoy
- --- Counts And Kings Of Sicily And Naples
- --- Princes Of Taranto
- --- Rulers Of Tuscany
- --- Counts Of Tusculum
- --- Doges Of Venice
- Rulers Of Kievan Rus'
- --- Grand Prince Of Tver
- Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium)
- --- Rulers Of East Frisia
- --- Rulers Of Frisia
- --- Prince Of Orange
- --- Duke Of Brabant
- ---Dukes and counts of Guelders, see '' Guelders ''
- --- Duke Of Lower Lorraine
- ---Count of Bouillon, see '' Bouillon ''
- --- Count Of Flanders
- --- Count Of Hainaut
- --- Count Of Holland
- --- Counts Of Leuven
- --- Bishop Of Utrecht
- --- Marquis Of Namur
- List Of Counts And Dukes Of Luxembourg
- List Of Polish Rulers
- --- Dukes Of Silesia
- --- Dukes Of Mazovia
- --- Dukes Of Greater Poland
- --- Dukes Of Little Poland
- --- Dukes Of Cuiavia
- --- Dukes Of Leczyca
- --- Dukes Of Sieradz
- Dukes Of Pomerania
- List Of Portuguese Monarchs
- Romania
- --- Rulers Of Wallachia
- --- Rulers Of Moldavia
- --- Rulers Of Transylvania
- Scandinavia
- --- Denmark (Danmark)
-- List Of Dubious Danish Kings
-- List Of Danish Monarchs
- --- Iceland
-- List Of Icelandic Rulers
--List of lawspeakers, see Lawspeaker
- --- Norway
-- List Of Norwegian Monarchs
--Kings of Agder, see '' Sørlandet ''
--Kings of Hadeland
--Kings of Hedmark
--Kings of Oppland
--Kings of Sogn
--Kings of Solør
--Kings of Toten
--Kings of Vestfold
--Kings of Vingulmark
--Earls of Lade, see '' Trøndelag ''
- --- Sweden (Svearike)
-- Swedish Semi-legendary Kings
-- Swedish Kings (non-legendary)
-- Kings Of Geatland
- List Of Serbian Monarchs
- Spain
- --- Kings Of Aragón
-- Lieutenants Of The Kingdom Of Aragón
-- Chancellors And Council Presidents Of Aragón
- --- Kings Of Asturias
- --- Kings Of Castile
- ---Kings of Galicia, see '' Kingdom Of Galicia ''
- --- Kings Of León
- ---Kings of Majorca, see '' Kingdom Of Majorca ''
-- Ra'îs Of Manûrqa
- --- Kings Of Navarre
- --- Kings Of Valencia
- --- Counts Of Barcelona
-- Viscounts Of Barcelona
- ---Counts of Besalú, see '' Besalú ''
- ---Counts of Empúries, see '' County Of Empúries ''
- --- Counts Of Roussillon
- --- Counts Of Urgell
- ---Kings of Alpuente, see '' Alpuente ''
- --- Caliphs Of Córdoba
- Princes of Zeta, see '' Independent Principality Of Zeta ''
- Byzantine Emperors
- ---Emperors of Nicaea, see '' Empire Of Nicaea ''
- ---Emperors of Trebizond, see '' Empire Of Trebizond ''
- ---Despots of Epirus, see '' Despotate Of Epirus ''
- ---Despots of Morea, see '' Despotate Of Morea ''
- ---Princes of Lesbos, see '' Gattilusio ''
- Crusader State s
- ---Latin Emperors of Constantinople, see '' Latin Empire ''
- ---Kings of Cyprus, see '' Kingdom Of Cyprus ''
-- Officers Of The Kingdom Of Cyprus
- --- Kings Of Jerusalem
-- Vassals Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem
-Princes of Galilee, see '' Principality Of Galilee ''
Lords of Toron, see '' Toron ''
-Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon, see '' County Of Jaffa And Ascalon ''
Lords of Ramla, see '' Lordship Of Ramla ''
Lords of Ibelin, see '' Ibelin ''
-Lords of Oultrejordain, see '' Oultrejordain ''
-Lords of Sidon, see '' Lordship Of Sidon ''
-- Officers Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem
- ---Kings of Thessalonica, '' Kingdom Of Thessalonica ''
- ---Princes of Achaea, see '' Principality Of Achaea ''
--Lords of Argos and Nauplia, see '' Argos And Nauplia ''
- ---Princes of Antioch, see '' Principality Of Antioch ''
-- Officers Of The Principality Of Antioch
- ---Dukes of the Archipelago, see '' Duchy Of The Archipelago ''
- ---Dukes of Athens, see '' Duchy Of Athens ''
- ---Counts of Edessa, see '' County Of Edessa ''
- ---Counts of Tripoli, see '' County Of Tripoli ''
-- Officers Of The County Of Tripoli
''See also:'' List Of National Leaders (in office), State Leaders By Year .
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