| List Of Musical Instruments By Hornbostel-sachs Number |
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1. IDIOPHONES Idiophone s are instruments which make sound primarily by way of the instrument itself vibrating without the use of membranes or strings. 11. Struck idiophones Idiophones set in motion by a percussion action, including 111. directly struck instruments, 112. indirectly strucked. With 112.1 shaken and 112.2 scraped.
12. Plucked idiophones Instruments set into vibration by plucking.
13. Friction idiophones Instruments set into vibration by rubbing. 14. Blown idiophones Instruments set into vibration by blowing or moving air. 2. MEMBRANOPHONES Membranophone s are instruments which make sound primarily by way of a vibrating membrane. This includes all Drums . 21. Struck drums
22. Plucked drums Some commentators believe that instruments in this class ought instead to be regarded as chordophones (see below). 23. Friction drums 24. Singing membranes Instruments in which a membrane modifies some other sound (typically the human voice) in some way ( Mirliton s). 3. CHORDOPHONES Chordophone s are instruments that produce sound primarily by the vibration of a string or strings. 31. Simple chordophones Instruments consisting of a simple string bearer and strings - there may be an additional resonator, but removing it should not destroy the instrument (so the resonator should not be supporting the strings). 32. Composite chordophones Instruments in which the resonator cannot be removed without destruction of the instrument.
4. AEROPHONES Aerophone s are instruments in which the vibrating air itself is the primary cause of sound. This can include a column of air being set in vibration (as in wind instruments) or an air-flow being interrupted by an edge (as in free-reeds). 41. Free aerophones The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
= 412.13. Free-reed instruments Free-reed Instrument s feature a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot (there may be an attached pipe, but it should only vibrate in sympathy with the reed, and not have an effect on the pitch - instruments of this class can be distinguished from 422.3 by the lack of finger-holes). 413. Plosive aerophones The sound is caused by a single compression and release of air.
42. Non-free aerophones (wind instruments proper) The vibrating air is contained within the instrument. 421. Edge-blown instruments or flutes The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips, or his breath is directed against an edge.
422. Reed instruments The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion. =422.1 Double reed instruments There are two lamellae which beat against one another. ==422.111 With cylindrical bore
==422.112 With conical bore
=422.2 Single reed instruments (clarinets) There is one lamella which beats against a solid surface. ==422.211.2 Single clarinets, cylindrical bore, with fingerholes
==422.212 Conical bore
==422.22 Sets of clarinets
=422.3 Similar to the free-reeds with a pipe attached - distinguished from them by the presence of finger-holes in the pipe. 423. Trumpets The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion. =423.1 Natural trumpets There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips. =423.2 Chromatic trumpets The pitch can be changed by means of keys (423.21) a slide (423.22) or valves (423.23).
5. ELECTROPHONES Electrophone s are instruments in which sound is generated by electrical means. While it is not officially in any published form of the Hornbostel-Sachs system, and hence, lacking proper numerical subdivisions, it is often considered a fifth main category.
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