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;Note - these draught tables need to be completed, verified, and the allophones explained.


Consonants


:Notes:
  • 1 After vowels.

  • 2 Before a plosive ().

  • 3 Before an unstressed vowel ( Verner’s Law ).

  • 4 After a (Proto-Germanic) fricative ().

  • 5 Before a (PIE) front vowel ().

  • 6 Before or after a (PIE) .

  • 7 Before or after a (PIE) .

  • 8 Between vowels.

  • 9 Before a resonant.

  • 10 Before secondary (post-PIE) front-vowels.

  • 11 After ( RUKI ).

  • 12 Before a stressed vowel.

  • 13 At the end of a word.

  • 14 After or before .

  • 15 After .



Vowels and syllabic consonants


;Notes:
  • 1 Before ''wa''.

  • 2 Before ''r, h''.

  • 3 The existence of PIE non-allophonic ''a'' is disputed.

  • 4 In open syllables ( Brugmann's Law ).

  • 5 Under stress.

  • 6 Before palatal consonants.

  • 7 The so-called breaking is disputed (typical examples are > Ved. ''prátīkam'' ~ Gk. ; > Ved. ''jīvá-'' ~ Arm. ''keank‘'', Gk. ; > Ved. ''dūrá-'' ~ Arm. ''erkar'', Gk. )

  • 8 In a final syllable.

  • 9 Before velars and unstressed

  • 10 Before ''ā'' in the following syllable.

  • 11 Before ''i'' in the following syllable.

  • 12 In a closed syllable.

  • 13 In the neighbourhood of labials.

  • 14 In the neighbourhood of labiovelars.



SEE ALSO