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, Saskatchewan , Canada ).]] ]] In its modern form, a gated community is a form of Residential Community sometimes characterized by a closed perimeter of walls and fences, but always containing controlled entrances for Pedestrian s, Bicycle s, and Automobile s. Gated communities usually consist of small residential streets and include various amenities. For smaller communities this may be only a park or other common area. For larger communities, it may be possible for residents to stay within the community for most day-to-day activities. Gated communities are a type of Common Interest Community (CIC) or Common Interest Development (CID), but are distinct from Intentional Communities . Most gated communities, usually called guard-gated communities, are staffed by private Security Guard s, often with CCTV and other electronic aids. These communities are often home to high-value properties. Some gated communities are set up as retirement villages. AMENITIES The amenities available depend on many factors including location, demographic composition and community structure. If there are sub-associations that belong to master associations, the master association may provide many of the amenities. In general, the larger the association the more amenities that can be provided. Amenities depend on the type of housing. For example, single family communities many not have a common area pool since the individual owners may want their own pools whereas a Condominium may offer a pool since the individual units cannot have their own pool. Typical amenities offered can include:
A WORLDWIDE PHENOMENON , one of Aramco 's gated communities, all photographing is strictly prohibited. In the background one of Dhahran's main gates can be seen.]] A limited number of gated communities have long been established for foreigners in various regions of the world. Some examples include, the worker compounds in the Middle East, built largely for the oil industry, or the compounds built under Apartheid in South Africa. Related are the Closed Cities of Russia. In more recent times, a much larger number of gated communities has rapidly developed in various regions throughout the world, especially in China , Mexico , Brazil and the United States . Especially in China, the trend towards gated communities is accelerating, in response to changing laws and economics. In 2000 , eight million U.S. residents lived in gated communities. In many parts of the world, buyers are expressing a preference for gated communities. While many see living in a gated community as offering increased security, they are not impenetrable. Walls are frequently low enough for someone to climb over them. Gates can be bypassed by tailgating cars and, for those willing, access through the sewer system. In Brazil, the most widespread form of gated community is called "condomínio fechado" (closed housing estate) and is the object of desire of the upper classes. Such a place is a small town with its own infrastructure (backup power supply, sanitation and security guards). Some even have schools for the children so that they will only need to leave the community after the first five years of elementary school. The purpose of such a community is to protect its residents from outside violence. The same philosophy is seen on closed buildings and most shopping centres (many of them can only be accessed from inside the parking lot or the garage). The boom of "condomínios fechados" has been receding lately due to the general perception that it is useless to fence the world outside to escape violence, as violence will eventually find its way in. In China , all new residential developments are required to be gated. They are popular in southern China, namely the Pearl River Delta Region. These communities are often purchased by overseas Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese and nouveau-riche local Chinese. In Saudi Arabia , gated communities have existed since the discovery of oil, mainly to accommodate Westerners and their families. After threat levels raised since late 1990's against Westerners in general, and Americans in particular, gates have become armed, sometimes heavily, and all vehicles being inspected. Marksmen and SANG armored vehicles appeared in certain times, markedly after Recent Terrorist Attacks in areas nearby, targeting Westerners. ANALYSIS Real estate developers design and build gated communities because buyers want them; the existence of walls and gates around a community enhances the value of the homes located there. Many homeowners prefer to live in gated communities, just as many apartment dwellers prefer secured buildings, not only as a deterrent to crime, but also to enjoy privacy and peace of mind. Physical walls, in some cases fortified and surveilled, give the inhabitants a sense of security. Some sociologists have criticized the creation of these type of walls as ''fortressing'' and have compared them to historical are often greatly impaired by gated communities. Another attribute of gated communities is that, in many cases, their population is homogeneous, that is, grouped along boundaries of Social Class , Race / Ethnicity or Culture . " White Flight " is often a factor in this respect, though less so in recent years. COMMON ECONOMIC MODEL TYPES OF GATED COMMUNITIES
EXAMPLES Florida is well known for its gated communities:
Some of the newest gated communities in China include: |