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A ''duumvirate'' is an alliance between two equally powerful political or military leaders.
The term can also be used to describe a state with two different military leaders who both declare themselves to be the sole leader of the state.

Duumvirates in history include Carthage , ruled by two mayors, and ancient Rome , ruled by two Consul s.

In the fictional Middle-earth Legendarium of author J.R.R. Tolkien , the Black Númenóreans ' coastal city of Umbar was typically ruled by a duumvirate.

Duumvirates are rare in human history and are inherently unstable, as one of the two rulers will almost invariably seek greater power and, eventually, dominance.


See also

  • Duoviri - ancient Roman magistracy of two men

  • Triumvirate - the equivalent term for three people

  • Decemvirate - the equivalent term for ten people