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CENSUS TOTALS AND ESTIMATES POPULATION GROWTH PATTERNS Projections REGIONAL TRENDS MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY Baby Boom MORTALITY Demographic Transition Infant Mortality MORBIDITY AND DISEASE Malaria Tuberculosis Heart Disease Infectious Disease HIV-AIDS AGE DISTRIBUTION Old Age Welfare Ratios Social Security and Medicare POPULATION PROJECTIONS URBAN - RURAL DISTRIBUTIONS Internal Migration IMMIGRATION Restriction ETHNIC AND RACIAL STRUCTURE European Americans (White) African Americans (Black) Native Americans and Pacific Islanders Asian Americans Hispanics POPULATION POLICIES Natalism Abortion Birth Control Child Health DEMOGRAPHIC MODELS IN HISTORIOGRAPHY Turner's Frontier Thesis Easterlin Models Demographic transition models Epidemiological transition DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Vital registration Census Surveys Online Sources HISTORICAL RESEARCH CONTEMPORARY STUDIES STATE TRENDS Between, 1880 and 1900 the urban population of the United States rose from 28% to 40% ''(1)'', and reached 50% by 1920 , in part due to 9,000,000 European Immigrants . After 1890 the US rural population began to plummet as farmers were displaced by mechanization and forced to migrate to urban factory jobs. After World War II, the US experienced a shift away from the cities, mostly due to the gaining popularity of the automobile and heavy government funding of suburban housing and highways. Many of the original manufacturing cities lost as much as half their population between 1950 and 1980. There was a shift in the population from the dense manufacturing centers of the Northeast ( Rust Belt ) to the outer suburbs of these cities and to newer, less dense cities in the Southwest ( Sun Belt ). Arizona In the 1990s , Arizona 's rural population grew by 29% while the rural retiree population grew by 43%. Colorado During the 1990s , Colorado 's rural working-age population grew by 40% and the rural retiree population grew by 23%. The statewide population grew 31%, the statewide retiree population grew by 27%, and the statewide working-age population grew by 31%. Florida In the 1990s , the population of Florida 's rural counties grew 25%. The state's rural retiree population grew 28%. The overall population increased by 24%, while the retiree population increased 19%. Illinois During the 1990s , the rural population of Illinois increased by 1%, while the population of Chicago, Illinois increased 12%. Kansas During the 1990s , the rural population of Kansas increased by 2%, while the statewide increase was 9%. Minnesota During the 1990s , the population of Minnesota increased 12%. The working-age population increased 14% and the retiree population increased 9%. North Dakota In the 1990s , the rural population of North Dakota decreased 6% while the overall population remained constant. Washington During the 1990s , Washington 's rural population grew by 20%. Meanwhile, the rural working-age population grew 22% and the rural retiree population grew 16%. Overall, there was 21% growth with 23% for statewide working-age populations and 15% for retirees. SEE ALSO REFERENCES
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