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Additionally, it is sometimes used to refer to other hearing people in jest, to chide, or to invoke an image of someone who refuses to employ common sense or who is unreliable. "Deaf and dumb," "semi-deaf" and "semi-mute" are other historic references to deaf people. Of these latter examples, only "deaf and dumb" prevails as a reference. There are connotations of insensitivity to deaf people concerning these terms of reference and for this reason the prevailing terms are generally looked upon as insulting, inaccurate or socially and politically incorrect. From antiquity (as noted in the Code Of Hammurabi ) until recent (and less enlightened) times {Link without Title} , the terms "deaf-mute" and "deaf and dumb" were even considered analogous to "idiot" by some hearing people. In Europe and western society, most deaf people are taught to speak with varying outcomes of ability or degrees of fluency. The simple identity of "deaf" has been embraced by the Community Of Signing Deaf People since the foundations of public deaf education in the 18th century and remains the preferred term of reference or identity today. |