Cardiology

The term ''cardiology'' is derived from the Greek word ''καρδιά'' (transliterated as ''kardia'' and meaning ''heart'' or ''inner self'').

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Basic Anatomy (Structure of the heart)

Circulatory System (Blood supply of the body)

Cardiac Output

Heart Rate

Vascular Resistance

Blood Vessel s

Pulmonary Circulation (Oxygenation of the blood)

Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Vein

Cardiac Pacemaker (Electrical system of the heart)

Electrical Conduction System Of The Heart

--- Action Potential

-- Ventricular Action Potential

Sinoatrial Node

Atrioventricular Node

Bundle Of His

Purkinje Fibers

Basic cardiac physiology

Systole

Diastole

Heart Sounds

Preload

Afterload

Kussmaul's Sign

DISORDERS OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION

Atherosclerosis

Restenosis

Coronary Heart Disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)

Acute Coronary Syndrome

--- Angina

--- Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack)

DISORDERS OF THE MYOCARDIUM (MUSCLE OF THE HEART)

Cardiomyopathy

--- Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

--- Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

-- Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

-- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

- Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))

- Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

-- Dilated Cardiomyopathy

- Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

-- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)

-- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Congestive Heart Failure

--- Cor Pulmonale

Cardiac Arrest

Primary tumors of the heart

--- Myxoma

DISORDERS OF THE PERICARDIUM (OUTER LINING OF THE HEART)

Pericarditis

Pericardial Tamponade

Constrictive Pericarditis

DISORDERS OF THE HEART VALVES

Aortic Valve disorders

--- Aortic Insufficiency

--- Aortic Stenosis

--- Aortic Valve Replacement

--- Aortic Valve Repair

--- Aortic Valvuloplasty

Mitral Valve disorders

--- Mitral Valve Prolapse

--- Mitral Regurgitation

--- Mitral Stenosis

--- Mitral Valve Replacement

--- Mitral Valve Repair

--- Mitral Valvuloplasty

Pulmonic Valve disorders

--- Congenital Pulmonic Stenosis

Tricuspid Valve disorders

DISORDERS OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF THE HEART ( CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY )

Cardiac Arrhythmia s

--- Supraventricular Tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)

-- Atrial Fibrillation

-- Atrial Flutter

-- Atrial Tachycardia

-- Sick Sinus Syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)

-- AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)

-- AV Reentrant Tachycardia (AVRT)

Bigeminy

Premature Ventricular Contraction

Ventricular Tachycardia

--- Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

--- Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

-- Torsades De Pointes

Ventricular Fibrillation

Sick Sinus Syndrome

Heart Block

--- First Degree Heart Block

--- Second Degree Heart Block

--- Trifascicular Heart Block

--- Third Degree Heart Block

Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart

--- Brugada Syndrome

--- Long QT Syndrome

--- Short QT Syndrome

--- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW syndrome)

INFLAMMATION AND INFECTION OF THE HEART

Endocarditis

--- Rheumatic Heart Disease

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Tetralogy Of Fallot

Transposition Of The Great Vessels (TGV)

DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS (VASCULAR DISEASES)

Vasculitis

Atherosclerosis

Aneurysm

Varicose Veins

Economy Class Syndrome

Diseases of the aorta

--- Coarctation Of The Aorta

--- Aortic Dissection

Diseases of the Carotid Arteries

--- Carotid Artery Disease

--- Carotid Artery Dissection

PROCEDURES DONE FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Atherectomy

Angioplasty (PTCA)

--- Stent ing

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)

Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP)

DEVICES USED IN CARDIOLOGY

Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm

--- Pacemaker

--- Defibrillator

-- Automated External Defibrillator

-- Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator

Devices used to maintain Blood Pressure

--- Artificial Heart

--- Heart-lung Machine

--- Intra-aortic Balloon Pump

--- Ventricular Assist Device

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES

Echocardiogram

Cardiac Stress Test

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

--- Ambulatory Holter Monitor

Electrophysiologic Study

--- Programmed Electrical Stimulation

Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)

IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)

Cardiac Enzymes

CARDIAC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS

The followings are Medication s commonly prescribed in cardiology:

Antiarrhythmic Agents

--- Type I ( Sodium Channel blockers)

-- Type Ia

- Quinidine

-- Type Ib

- Lidocaine

- Phenytoin

-- Type Ic

- Propafenone

--- Type II ( Beta Blocker s)

-- Metoprolol

--- Type III ( Potassium channel blockers)

-- Amiodarone

-- Dofetilide

-- Sotalol

--- Type IV (slow Calcium Channel Blocker s)

-- Diltiazem

-- Verapamil

--- Type V

-- Adenosine

-- Digoxin

ACE Inhibitor s

--- Captopril

--- Enalapril

--- Perindopril

--- Ramipril

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist s

--- Candesartan

--- Eprosartan

--- Irbesartan

--- Losartan

--- Telmisartan

--- Valsartan

Beta Blocker

Calcium Channel Blocker

Information About

Cardiology