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In Telecommunications and Computing , bit rate (sometimes written '''bitrate''' or Rbit) is the number of Bit s that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. In digital Multimedia , ''bit rate'' is the number of bits used per unit of time to represent a continuous medium such as Audio or Video . It is quantified using the '''bit per second''' (''bit/s'') unit or some derivative such as Mbit/s . While often referred to as "speed", bit rate does not measure ''distance''/time but ''quantity''/time, and thus should be distinguished from the " Propagation Speed " (which depends on the transmission medium and has the usual physical meaning). USAGE NOTES The formal abbreviation for "bit per second" is "bit/s" (not "bits/s"). In less formal contexts the abbreviations "b/s" or "bps" are often used, though this risks confusion with " Byte s per second" ("B/s", "Bps"). Even less formally, it is common to drop the "per second", and simply refer to "a 128 kilobit audio stream" or "a 100 megabit network". "Bit rate" is sometimes used interchangeably with " Baud rate", which is correct ''only'' when each modulation transition of a data Transmission system carries exactly one bit of data (something not true for modern Modem modulation systems, for example). Similarly, Hertz , the SI Unit of frequency, is not precise without some context, such as the number of bits carried per cycle. For large bit rates, SI Prefix es are used: When describing bit rates, Binary Prefix es are almost never used and SI Prefix es are almost always used with the standard, decimal meanings, not the computer-oriented binary meanings. There are exceptions in some specialty areas such as Bus transfer rates. Binary usage is more often seen when the unit is the byte/s, and is not typical for telecommunication links. Sometimes it is necessary to seek clarification of the units used in a particular context. BIT RATES IN MULTIMEDIA In digital multimedia, bit rate represents the amount of information, or detail, that is stored per unit of time of a recording. The bit rate depends on several factors:
Generally, choices are made about the above factors in order to achieve the desired trade-off between minimizing the bit rate and maximizing the quality of the material when it is played. If Lossy Data Compression is used on audio or visual data, differences from the original signal will be introduced; if the compression is substantial, or lossy data is decompressed and recompressed, this may become noticeable in the form of Compression Artifacts . Whether these affect the perceived quality, and if so how much, depends on the compression scheme, encoder power, the characteristics of the input data, the listener’s perceptions, the listener's familiarity with artifacts, and the listening or viewing environment. Experts and Audiophiles may detect artifacts in many cases in which the average listener would not. Some musicians enjoy the distinct artifacts of low bit rate (sub-FM quality) encoding and there is a growing scene of Net Labels distributing stylized Low Bit music. The bit rates in this section are approximately the ''minimum'' that the ''average'' listener in a typical listening or viewing environment, when using the best available compression, would perceive as not significantly worse than the reference standard: Audio (MP3)
Video
Notes For technical reasons (hardware/software protocols, overheads, encoding schemes, etc.) the ''actual'' bit rates used by some of the compared-to devices may be significantly higher than what is listed above. For example:
REFERENCES SEE ALSO
EXTERNAL LINKS Bandwidth conversion Allow easy conversion from kbit/s to MB/h to GB/day to TB/month to ...
Bandwidth calculator online
Bitrates of dvb-s tv- and radio-channels
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