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Artesian




An artesian aquifer is a Confined Aquifer containing Groundwater that will flow upwards out of a Well without the need for Pump ing.


WHY IS A WELL ARTESIAN?

Because the Water Table at its recharge zone is at a higher Elevation than the head of the Well .

Pascal's Law predicts the Theoretical Hydrostatic Pressure P:

:P = ho \cdot g \cdot (z_\mathrm{recharge}-z_\mathrm{wellhead})

where ho (''rho'') is the Density of the fluid, '' G '' the Acceleration due to Gravity , and ''z'' is the Elevation . In practical terms the pressure is expressed as Metre s water column (''z''r − ''z''w).


ORIGIN

Artesian wells were named after the former province of Artois in France , where many artesian wells were drilled by Carthusian monks since 1126 (see also ). The technique was also known much earlier in Syria and Egypt (see ), although if the monks of Artois learned of it from outside sources, or discovered it independently, is unknown.


SEE ALSO



NOTES

  • Frances and Joseph Gies, ''Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel'' subtitled "Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages". Harper Perennial, 1995 ISBN 0060165901, page 112.

  • For references on ancient uses, see:

  • --- Michel Wuttmann, "The Qanats of 'Ayn-Manâwîr, Kharga Oasis, Egypt", in ''Jasr'' 2001, p. 1 (pdf) .

  • --- Discoveries in the Western Desert of Egypt