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Allegorical sculpture refers to sculptures that symbolize and personify abstract ideas. The most commonly seen examples are statues of "Justice", traditionally holding scales and wearing a blindfold to represent her impartiality. This approach of using human form and its posture, gesture and clothing to wordlessly convey social values developed under the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts , is usually associated with Victorian art, and is most commonly found in works from around 1900. Another well known example is the Statue Of Liberty .

In Pan-American Exposition of 1901 in Buffalo, New York , for instance, had an extensive scheme of allegorical sculpture programmed by Karl Bitter . The allegorical group on top of Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan , carved by the French sculptor Jules Felix Couton in 1912, represents the Roman gods Hercules (strength), Mercury (speed), and Minerva (wisdom), and collectively represents "Transportation."