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Western Apache
Western Apache
refers to the similar
Apache
peoples living primarily in east central
Arizona
. Goodwin (1938) claims that the Western Apache can be divided into five groups based on dialect:
Cibeque,
Northern Tonto,
Southern Tonto,
San Carlos
, and
White Mountain.
Other researchers do not find any linguistic evidence for five groups, but rather three main varieties with several subgroupings:
San Carlos
,
White Mountain
, and
Dilzhe'e
.
Western Apache also refers to the
Southern Athabaskan Language
spoken by these people. Western Apache is related to other Southern Athabaskan languages like
Navajo
,
Chiricahua Apache
,
Mescalero Apache
,
Lipan Apache
,
Plains Apache
, and
Jicarilla Apache
.
References & Recommend Reading
'' For the references, see the subarticle:
Western Apache/Bibliography
.''
External links
American Indian Language Development Institute
(has children's video of Catcus Boy story in Western Apache)
Western Apache-English Dictionary (White Mountain)
White Mountain Apache Tribe (Arizona Intertribal Council)
San Carlos Apache Tribe (Arizona Intertribal Council)
Tonto Apache Tribe (Arizona Intertribal Council)
Yavapai-Apache Nation Official Website
Yavapai-Apache Nation (Arizona Intertribal Council)
White Mountain Apache Tribe
White Mountain Apache photographs
map of Fort Apache Reservation
photos & fact about White Mountain Apaches & Fort Apache Reservation ''a nice site''
Puberty Ceremony of White Mountain Apaches (information & photo)
Simplied Apache Pronunciation
Apache myths and other texts
Grenville Goodwin's preface to ''Myths and Tales of the White Mountain Apache''
Issues in Language Textbook Development: The Case of Western Apache
White Mountain Apache Language: Issues in Language Shift, Textbook Development, and Native Speaker-University Collaboration
Western Apache vocabulary word list
The Gift of Changing Woman (questia.com)