| Vosges Mountains |
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The Vosges mountains are Range Of Mountains in central-western Europe , stretching along the west side of the Rhine valley in a NNE direction, from Basel ( Switzerland ) to Mainz ( Germany ). Geographically , the Vosges mountains are completely located in France with the ''Col de Saverne '' separating it from the Pfälzer Wald . Geologically , though, some parts of the Pfälzer Wald are considered to belong to the Vosges and, in fact, the French part of the Pfälzer Wald is commonly seen as part of the northern Vosges. From , with some Porphyritic masses and of a kind of red Sandstone (occasionally 1640 ft. in thickness) which on the western versant bears the French name of ''grès Vosgien''. ; the Central Vosges (31 miles), between the Bruche and the Col De Saverne ; the Lower Vosges (30 miles), between the Col de Saverne and the source of the Lauter ; and the Hardt . The rounded summits of the Grandes Vosges are called ''ballons''. The '' Départements '' of Vosges and Haute Saône are divided from Alsace and the Territory Of Belfort by the Ballon d'Alsace or St Maurice (4100 ft.). Thence northwards the average height of the range is 3000 ft., the highest point, the Ballon De Guebwiller (Gebweiler), or Soultz , rising to the east of the main chain to 4,680 ft. The Col De Saales , between the Grandes Vosges and the central section, is nearly 1900 ft. high; the latter is both lower and narrower than the Grandes Vosges, the Mont Donon (3307 ft.) being the highest summit. The railway from Paris to Strasbourg and the Rhine And Marne Canal traverse the Col de Saverne. No railway crosses the Vosges between Saverne and Belfort , but there are carriage roads over the passes of Bussang from Remiremont to Thann , the Schlucht (3766 ft) from Gérardmer to Munster , the Bonhomine from St Dié to Colmar and the pass from St Die to Ste Marie-aux-Mines . The Lower Vosges are a sandstone plateau ranging from 1000 to 1850 ft. high and are crossed by the railway from Hagenau to Sarreguemines, defended by the fort of Bitche . Meteorological ly the difference between the eastern and western versants of the range is very marked, the annual rainfall being much higher and the mean temperature being much lower in the latter than in the former. On the eastern slope the vine ripens to a height of 1300 ft.; on the other hand, its only River s are the Ill and other shorter streams. The Moselle , Meurthe and Sarre all rise on the Lorraine side. Moraine s, boulders and polished rocks testify the existence of the Glacier s which formerly covered the Vosges. The Lake s, surrounded by pines, beeches and Maple s, the green meadows which provide pasture for large herds of cows and the fine views of the Rhine valley, Black Forest and snow-covered Swiss mountains combine to make the district picturesque. On the lower heights and buttresses of the main chain on the Alsatian side are numerous castles, generally in ruins. At several points on the main ridge, especially at St Odile above Ribeauvillé (''Rappoltsweiler''), are the remains of a wall of unmortared stone with tenons of wood, 6 to 7 ft. thick and 4 to 5 ft. high, called the pagan wall (''Mur Païen''). It was used for defence in the middle ages and archaeologists are divided as to whether it was built for this purpose by the Romans, or before their arrival. |