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The Postal Service Act signed by President George Washington on February 20 , 1792 established the Department. During the Civil War , postal services in the Confederacy were provided by the Confederate Post-office Department , headed by Postmaster General John Henninger Reagan . The Postal Reorganization Act signed by President Richard Nixon on August 12 , 1970 , replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department with the government-owned Corporation , the United States Postal Service . The Act took effect on July 1 , 1971 . |