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  • the marriage of Polish Queen Jadwiga and Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila

  • the coronation of Jogaila as King of Poland (thereupon known as Wladislaus II or Władysław Jagiełło)

  • the conversion of Grand Prince Jogaila and other leading Lithuanian nobles to Roman Catholicism

  • the release of all Christian prisoners held by the Lithuanians

  • the Personal Union of Lithuanian and Polish lands under the sovereignty of the rulers of Poland "for all eternity"


For some time, the Polish nobility had been dissatisfied with their dynastic connections with Hungary , and given shared interests such as opposition to the Teutonic Knights and the growing threat of Muscovy , leaders of both states felt a union between them would allow for greater strength in the face of external threats.

While Wladislaus II and Jadwiga ruled over both Poland and Lithuania, real power in the Grand Principality of Lithuania rested with Jogaila's cousin, Vytautas The Great , who followed a generally independent policy there. Upon the death of Queen Jadwiga in 1399 , Władyslaw Jagiełło was left as sole ruler of Poland and the first of the Jagiellonian Kings . His command over joint Polish-Lithuanian forces was crucial to the defeat of the Teutonic Knights at the Battle Of Grunwald in 1410 .

At that time, Władysław Jagiełło also promised to incorporate Lithuania and Ruthenia (Ruś) into Poland, but this was opposed by the majority of the Lithuanian nobility. Partially this promise was realsied in the Union Of Lublin ( 1569 ), which created the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and transferred much of the Lithuanian Ruthenian territories under the jurisdiction of the Crown Of The Polish Kingdom . The promise was realised more than four centuries later when, in 1791 , the May Constitution Of Poland finally declared that both states are one.


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REFERENCES

  • Orest Subtelny , ''Ukraine: A History.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8020-5809-6.