| Tientsin |
Hotel Reservations in Tianjin |
Limousines in Tianjin |
Articles about Tianjin |
Website Links For Tianjin |
Information AboutTientsin |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT TIANJIN | |
| tianjin | |
| cities in china | |
| concession territoriestianjin | |
| cities in china | |
| concession territories | |
| municipalities of the peoples republic of china | |
| SHOPPER'S DELIGHT | |
|
: 天津 (Celestial ford) is also the name of an asterism in the Chinese Constellation of Girl Mansion (女宿)'' Tianjin (; of the People's Republic Of China . As a municipality, Tianjin has Provincial-level status and comes directly under the central government. Tianjin's urban area is the third largest city in Mainland China. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai He River. Its ports, some distance away, are located on Bohai Gulf of the Pacific Ocean . Tianjin Municipality borders Hebei province to the north, south, and west; the municipality of Beijing in a small portion to the northwest; and Bohai Gulf to the east. HISTORY See also: Concessions In Tianjin The land where Tianjin lies today was created in historical times by Sediment ation of various rivers entering the sea at Bohai Bay , including the Yellow River , which entered the sea in this area at one point. The opening of the Grand Canal Of China during the Sui Dynasty prompted the development of Tianjin into a trading center. Until 1404 Tianjin was called "Zhigu" (直沽), or "Straight Port". In that year, the Emperor Yongle renamed the city "Tianjin", literally "Heaven Ford", to mean that the Emperor (son of heaven) forded the river at that point. This is because he had indeed forded the river at Tianjin while on a campaign to wrest the throne from his nephew. A fort was established at Tianjin, known as "Tianjin Wei" (T: 天津衛 / S: 天津卫), meaning "Fort Tianjin". Tianjin was promoted to a Prefecture in 1725 . Tianjin County was established under the prefecture in 1731 . In 1856 Chinese soldiers boarded ''The Arrow'', a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong flying the British flag and suspected of piracy, smuggling and of being engaged in the opium trade. They captured 12 men and imprisoned them. In response the British and French sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour to capture the Taku Forts near Tianjin in May 1858 . At the end of the first part of the Second Opium War in June of the same year, the Treaties Of Tianjin were signed, which opened Tianjin to foreign trade. The treaties were ratified by the Emperor Of China in 1860 , and Tianjin was formally opened to the outside world. Between 1895 and 1900 Britain and France were joined by the empires of Japan , Germany and Russia , and even by countries without other Chinese Concession s such as Austria-Hungary , Italy and Belgium , in establishing self-contained Concessions In Tianjin , each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals. For a map, see {Link without Title} The presence of foreign influence in Tianjin was not always peaceful; one of the most serious violent incidents to take place was the missionaries one year earlier, was implicated in the kidnapping, death by neglect, and improper burial of Chinese children. On June 21 , the Magistrate of Tianjin County initiated a showdown at the church that developed into violent clashes between the church's Christian supporters and non-Christian Tianjin residents. The furious protestors eventually burned down Wanghailou Church and the nearby French consulate. After the incident, France and six other Western nations complained to the Qing government, which was forced to pay compensation for the incident. In June 1900 , the Boxers were able to seize control of much of Tianjin. On June 26 belligerent European forces headed towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at nearby Langfang , and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The foreign concessions also came under siege for several weeks. Tianjin was established as a Municipality Of China in 1927 . On July 30 , 1937 , Tianjin fell to Japan , as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War , but not entirely occupied, respecting non-foe foreign concessions. During the occupation Tianjin was ruled by the North China Executive Committee , a Puppet State based in Beijing . Japanese occupation lasted until August 15 , 1945 , the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II . '') extolling Confucius ]] After 1945 , Tianjin became base to American forces. In December 1946 , the Rape of a Beiping (now Beijing ) female university student by an American soldier, together with a series of Rape s that had previously occurred in Tianjin, sparked protests in Tianjin that culminated in a demonstration on January 1 , 1947 involving thousands of students. American troops pulled out of Tianjin in June 1947 . Communist Forces took Tianjin on January 15 , 1949 , following a 29-hour long battle. After communist takeover, Tianjin remained a Municipality Of China , except between 1958 and 1967 , when it was reduced to be a part of and the capital of Hebei province. The Tangshan Earthquake of 1976 killed 23,938 people in Tianjin and did heavy damage. After China began to open up in the late 1970s , Tianjin has seen rapid development, though it is now lagging behind other important cities like Shanghai , Beijing , and Guangzhou . The city's current mayor is Xianglong Dai. GEOGRAPHY Tianjin is at the northern end of the Grand Canal Of China , which connects with the Huang He and Yangtze rivers. Tianjin Municipality is generally flat, and swampy near the coast, but hilly in the far north, where the Yanshan Mountains pass through the tip of northern Tianjin. The highest point in Tianjin is Jiushanding Peak on the northern border with Hebei , at an altitude of 1078 M . The Hai He River forms within Tianjin Municipality at the confluence of the Ziya River , Daqing River , Yongding River , North Grand Canal , and South Grand Canal ; and enters the Pacific Ocean at Tianjin Municipality as well, in Dagu District . Major reservoirs include the Beidagang Reservoir in the extreme south (in Dagang District ) and the Yuqiao Reservoir in the extreme north (in Ji County ). The urban area of Tianjin is found in the south-central part of the Municipality. In addition to the main urban area of Tianjin proper, the coast along the Bohai is lined with a series of port towns, including Tanggu and Hangu . Tianjin's Climate is characterized by hot, humid Summer s, due to the Monsoon , and dry, cold Winter s, due to the Siberia n Anticyclone . Spring is windy but dry, and most of the Precipitation takes place in July and August. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS Tianjin is divided into 18 County-level Divisions , including 15 Districts and 3 Counties . Six of the districts govern the urban area of Tianjin:
Three of the districts govern towns and harbours along the seacoast:
Four of the districts govern satellite towns and rural areas close to the urban center:
Two of the districts as well as the three counties govern towns and rural areas further away from the urban center:
In addition, the Tianjin Economic And Technological Development Area (TEDA) is not a formal level of administration, but nevertheless enjoys rights similar to a regular district. These districts and counties are further subdivided, as of December 31 , 2004 , into 240 Township-level Divisions , including 120 Town s, 18 Township s, 2 Ethnic Township s and 100 Subdistrict s. ECONOMY The nominal GDP for Tianjin was 366.4 billion yuan (US$45.8 billion) in 2005, a year-on-year increase of 14.5%. {Link without Title} In 2004, per capita GDP was 31,600 yuan. The Manufacturing Sector was the largest (53.2%) and fastest-growing (19.8%) sector of Tianjin's economy. Urban Disposable Income per capita was 11,467 yuan, a Real increase of 11.2% from the previous year. Rural Pure Income per capita was 6,525 yuan, a Real increase of 11.3% from the previous year. {Link without Title} Farmland takes up about 40% of Tianjin Municipality's total area. Wheat , Rice , and Maize are the most important crops. Fishing is important along the coast. Tianjin is also an important industrial base. Major industries include Petrochemical industries, Textile s, Car manufacturing, mechanical industries, and Metalworking . Tianjin Municipality also has deposits of about 1 billion Tonne s of Petroleum , with Dagang District containing important Oilfield s. Salt production is also important, with Changlu Yanqu being one of China's most important salt production areas. Geothermal Energy is another resource of Tianjin. Deposits of Manganese and Boron under Tianjin were the first to be found in China. DEMOGRAPHICS At the end of 2004 , the population of Tianjin Municipality was 10.24 million, of which 9.33 million were holders of Tianjin '' Hukou '' (permanent residence). Among Tianjin permanent residents, 5.56 million were urban, and 3.76 million were rural. {Link without Title} The majority of Tianjin residents are Han Chinese . Minorities include Hui , Koreans , Manchu s, and Mongol s. Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service. Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. ''Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China'' (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7105054255) CULTURE People from urban Tianjin speak Tianjin Dialect , which comes under the Mandarin subdivision of Spoken Chinese . Despite its proximity to Beijing , Tianjin Dialect sounds quite different from Beijing Dialect , which provides the basis for Putonghua , official spoken language of the People's Republic Of China . '' (twisted dough sticks) is only slightly less famous; and its Erduoyan (耳朵眼) fried rice cakes round out the list of Tianjin's three representative light snack items. Tianjin is also a respected home base of Beijing Opera , one of the most prestigious forms of Chinese Opera . Ma Sanli ( 1914 - 2003 ), an ethnic Hui and longtime resident of Tianjin, is paramountly respected in China for his '' Xiangsheng '', a hugely popular form of Chinese entertainment similar to Stand-up Comedy . Ma Sanli delivered his ''xiangsheng'' in the Tianjin Dialect . s (S: 风筝魏 / T: 風箏魏), which can be folded to a fraction of their full sizes, are noted for portability. Stereotypes People from Tianjin are 's reputation (see "Culture" section above). TRANSPORTATION Rail There are several railway stations in the city, River in 1892 , so the station was renamed Laolongtou Railway Station . The station was rebuilt from scatch in 1988 . The rebuilding work began on April 15 , 1987 and was finished on October 1 , 1988 . Tianjin West Railway Station and Tianjin North Railway Station are also major railway stations in Tianjin. There is also Tanggu Railway Station is located in the important port area of Tanggu District , and TEDA Railway Station located in TEDA , to the north of Tanggu. There are several other railway stations in the city. Construction on a Beijing-Tianjin High-speed Rail began on July 4, 2005, and is scheduled to be completed in 2007. The following Railways Of China go through Tianjin:
Roads and expressways Some spots in Tianjin, including roads and bridges, have names from Dr. Sun Yat-Sen 's Three Principles Of The People (for example, Minquan Gate on Zhonghuan Road). Names harkening back to the era of the Republic Of China on the mainland also appear (e.g. Beiyang Road). Many roads in Tianjin are named after a Chinese province or city. Also, Tianjin is unlike Beijing , in that very few roads run parallel to the major four Compass directions. Tianjin has three ring roads. Unlike Beijing, the Inner and Middle Ring Roads are not closed, traffic-controlled roadways and some often have traffic light intersections. The Outer Ring Road is the closest thing to a highway-level ring road, although traffic is often chaotic and sometimes more than chaotic. Tianjin's roads often finish in ''dao'' (道 avenue), ''xian'' (S: 线 / T: 線 line, more used for highways and through routes) and ''lu'' (路 road). ''Jie'' (街 street) is rare. As Tianjin's roads are rarely in a cardinal compass direction, ''jing'' (S: 经 / T: 經) roads and ''wei'' (S: 纬 / T: 緯) roads often appear, which attempt to run more directly north-south and east-west, respectively. The following seven Expressways Of China run in or through Tianjin:
The following six China National Highway s pass through Tianjin:
Air Tianjin Binhai International Airport (ZBTJ) is located to the east of the urban area, in Dongli District, Tianjin . Public transit The Tianjin bus network was created in 1904 , and was the first city to have its own city-wide bus system in China. There were 402 bus lines in the city as of 2004 . {Link without Title} Construction work on the Tianjin Metro started on July 4 , 1970 . It was the second metro to be built in China and commenced service in 1984 . The total length of track is 7.4 kilometers. The metro service was suspended on October 9 , 2001 and is currently being rebuilt. This new metro will be called "Tianjin Metro Line 1". It is scheduled to be finished in the later half of 2005 . The track will be extended to 26.188 kilometers and there will be a total of 22 stations. Previously, there were 8 stations. Several new metro lines are planned. Construction work on Line 2 and Line 3 will begin in late 2004 . There is also a light railway line in the city, the LRT Binhai Line . The line runs between downtown Tianjin and TEDA (Tianjin Economic Development Area) in the seaside region. The eastern part of the line began service on March 28 , 2004 . The western part of the line is scheduled to be completed in 2006 . TOURISM Sights within the Tianjin urban area include:
Sights outside the Tianjin urban area, but within the municipality, include:
SPORTS TEAMS Sports teams based in Tianjin include: Chinese Football Association Super League EDUCATION Colleges and universities Under the national Ministry of Education:
Under the national Civil Aviation Authority:
Under the municipal government:
Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed. High schools
CITY PARTNERSHIPS Source: http://www.tjfao.gov.cn/guojiyoucheng/shijiyouhao/index.html ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA At , the previous total Solar Eclipse was Solar Eclipse Of 1277-Oct-28 occurred on October 28 1277 , the next total Solar Eclipse will be Solar Eclipse Of 2187-Jul-06 occurred on July 6 2187 . Total solar eclipses from 1001 to 3000 are:
Annular solar eclipses from 1001 to 3000 are:
Wikisource has about solar eclipses as seen from Tianjin from 2001 to 3000. SOURCES AND EXTERNAL LINKS
|