Strobus

Subgenus ''Strobus'' Scale without a sealing band. Umbo terminal. Seedwings adnate. One fibrovascular bundle per leaf.

Subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' Scale without a sealing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. One fibrovascular bundle per leaf.

Subgenus ''Pinus'' Scale with a sealing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. Two fibrovascular bundles per leaf.

Notice that in many respects, subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' is intermediate between (and possibly ancestral to) the other two subgenera. In many classifications, it is combined into subgenus ''Strobus'', but it could with equal justification have been included in subgenus ''Pinus'' (as was done in an early classification by the California n botanist J G Lemmon in 1888), yet it does not sit comfortably in either so is best treated as a third subgenus in its own right. In general, cone and cone scale and seed morphology and leaf fascicle and sheath morphology are emphasized and this seems to result in a classification that has subsections of pines that are understandable and usually readily recognized by their general appearance. Pines with one fibrovascular bundle per leaf, i.e. subgenera ''Strobus'' and ''Ducampopinus'', are known as ''haploxylon pines'', while pines with two fibrovascular bundles per leaf, i.e. subgenus ''Pinus'', are called ''diploxylon pines''. Diploxylon pines tend to have harder timber and more amounts of resin than the haploxylon pines.

''PINUS'' CLASSIFICIATION

Subgenus ''Strobus:'' white or soft pines

Section ''Quinquefoliae'' (section ''Strobus):'' white pines

--- Subsection ''Strobi:'' North America, Central America, Europe and Asia

--''P. amamiana'' - Yakushima White Pine

--''P. armandii'' - Chinese White Pine

--''P. ayacahuite'' - Mexican White Pine

--''P. bhutanica'' - Bhutan White Pine

--''P. chiapensis'' - Chiapas White Pine

--''P. dabeshanensis'' - Dabieshan Pine

--''P. dalatensis'' - Vietnamese White Pine

--''P. fenzeliana'' - Hainan White Pine

--''P. flexilis'' - Limber Pine

--''P. lambertiana'' - Sugar Pine

--''P. morrisonicola'' - Taiwan White Pine

--''P. monticola'' - Western White Pine

--''P. parviflora'' - Japanese White Pine

--''P. peuce'' - Macedonian Pine

--''P. pumila'' - Siberian Dwarf Pine

--''P. reflexa'' - Southwestern White Pine

--''P. strobiformis'' - Chihuahua White Pine

--''P. strobus'' - Eastern White Pine

--''P. wallichiana'' - Blue Pine

--''P. wangii'' - Guangdong White Pine

--- Subsection ''Cembrae:'' Europe, northern Asia, western North America

--''P. albicaulis'' - Whitebark Pine

--''P. cembra'' - Swiss Pine

--''P. koraiensis'' - Korean Pine

--''P. sibirica'' - Siberian Pine

Subgenus ''Ducampopinus:'' Pinyon, Lacebark and Foxtail Pines

Section ''Parrya''

---Subsection ''Nelsonianae'' - northeastern Mexico

--''P. nelsonii'' - Nelson's Pinyon

---Subsection ''Krempfianae'' - Vietnam

--''P. krempfii'' Krempf's Pine

---Subsection ''Gerardianae'' - Lacebark pines, Central Asia

--''P. bungeana'' - Lacebark Pine

--''P. gerardiana'' - Chilgoza Pine

--''P. squamata'' - Qiaojia Pine

---Subsection ''Rzedowskianae'' - big-cone pinyons, Mexico

--''P. maximartinezii'' - Big-cone Pinyon

--''P. pinceana'' - Weeping Pinyon

--''P. rzedowskii'' - Rzedowski's Pinyon

---Subsection ''Cembroides'' - Pinyons (Piñons), Mexico, southwest United States

--''P. cembroides'' - Mexican Pinyon

--''P. culminicola'' - Potosi Pinyon

--''P. discolor'' - Border Pinyon

--''P. edulis'' - Colorado Pinyon

--''P. johannis'' - Johann's Pinyon

--''P. monophylla'' - Single-leaf Pinyon

--''P. orizabensis'' - Orizaba Pinyon

--''P. quadrifolia'' - Parry Pinyon

--''P. remota'' - Texas Pinyon or Papershell Pinyon

---Subsection ''Balfourianae'' - Foxtail pines, southwest United States

--''P. aristata'' - Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine

--''P. balfouriana'' - Foxtail Pine

--''P. longaeva'' - Great Basin Bristlecone Pine

Subgenus ''Pinus'' - yellow or hard pines

Section ''Pinus'' - mostly in Europe, Asia, except for ''P. resinosa'' in northeast North America and ''P. tropicalis'' in Cuba .'''

--- Subsection ''Pinus''

--''P. densata'' - Sikang Pine

--''P. densiflora'' - Japanese Red Pine

--''P. heldreichii'' - Bosnian Pine

--''P. hwangshanensis'' - Huangshan Pine

--''P. kesiya'' - Khasi Pine

--''P. luchuensis'' - Luchu Pine

--''P. massoniana'' - Masson's Pine

--''P. mugo'' - Mountain Pine

--''P. nigra'' - European Black Pine

--''P. resinosa'' - Red Pine

--''P. sylvestris'' - Scots Pine

--''P. tabuliformis'' - Chinese Red Pine

--''P. taiwanensis'' - Taiwan Red Pine

--''P. thunbergii'' - Japanese Black Pine

--''P. tropicalis'' - Tropical Pine

--''P. yunnanensis'' - Yunnan Pine

Section ''Pinea'' - Mediterranean pines

---Subsection ''Pineae''

--''P. pinea'' - Stone Pine

---Subsection ''Pinaster''

--''P. brutia'' - Turkish Pine

--''P. canariensis'' - Canary Island Pine

--''P. halepensis'' - Aleppo Pine

--''P. latteri'' - Tenasserim Pine

--''P. merkusii'' - Sumatran Pine

--''P. pinaster'' - Maritime Pine

--''P. roxburghii'' - Chir Pine

Section ''Trifoliae'' - American hard pines

---Subsection ''Leiophyllae'' - Mexico, southwestern United States

--''P. leiophylla'' - Chihuahua Pine

--''P. lumholtzii'' - Lumholtz' Pine

---Subsection ''Australes'' - North America, Central America, Caribbean

--''P. caribaea'' - Caribbean Pine

--''P. clausa'' - Sand Pine

--''P. cubensis'' - Cuban Pine

--''P. echinata'' - Shortleaf Pine

--''P. elliottii'' - Slash Pine

--''P. glabra'' - Spruce Pine

--''P. hondurensis'' - Honduras Pine

--''P. occidentalis'' - Hispaniolan Pine

--''P. palustris'' - Longleaf Pine

--''P. pungens'' - Table Mountain Pine

--''P. rigida'' - Pitch Pine

--''P. serotina'' - Pond Pine

--''P. taeda'' - Loblolly Pine

--''P. virginiana'' - Virginia Pine

---Subsection ''Contortae'' - North America

--''P. banksiana'' - Jack Pine

--''P. contorta'' - Lodgepole Pine

---Subsection ''Oocarpae'' - Central America, Mexico, western United States.

--''P. attenuata'' - Knobcone Pine

--''P. greggii'' - Gregg's Pine

--''P. herrerae'' - Herrera's Pine

--''P. jaliscana'' - Jalisco Pine

--''P. lawsonii'' - Lawson's Pine

--''P. muricata'' - Bishop Pine

--''P. oocarpa'' - Egg-cone Pine

--''P. patula'' - Patula Pine

--''P. praetermissa'' - McVaugh's Pine

--''P. pringlei'' - Pringle's Pine

--''P. radiata'' - Monterey Pine

--''P. tecunumanii'' - Tecun Uman Pine

--''P. teocote'' - Ocote Pine

---Subsection ''Ponderosae'' - Central America, Mexico, western United States, southwest Canada.

--''P. apulcensis'' - Apulco Pine

--''P. arizonica'' - Arizona Pine

--''P. cooperi'' - Cooper's Pine

--''P. coulteri'' - Coulter Pine

--''P. devoniana'' - Michoacan Pine

--''P. durangensis'' - Durango Pine

--''P. engelmanii'' - Apache Pine

--''P. estevezii'' - Estevez's Pine

--''P. gordoniana'' - Gordon's Pine

--''P. hartwegii'' - Hartweg's Pine

--''P. jeffreyi'' - Jeffrey Pine

--''P. maximinoi'' - Thinleaf Pine

--''P. montezumae'' - Montezuma Pine

--''P. ponderosa'' - Ponderosa Pine

--''P. pseudostrobus'' - Smooth-bark Mexican Pine

--''P. sabiniana'' - Gray Pine

--''P. torreyana'' - Torrey Pine

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Strobus