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The word is typically Anglo-Saxon ; in most other cultures other styles are used, mainly translations of Chairman or President . In most cases the speaker is elected from amongthe members of the assembly by the members, and Whip s are not allowed to be among the selection. A speaker from the ruling party is usually chosen. In many nations, especially those with the Westminster System of government, the position of Speaker, modeled after the British office, is an official charged with enforcing procedural rules. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the house. Ideally, the speaker in a Westminster-derived legislature is politically neutral and is not concerned with substantive issues. In the event of a tie, the speaker is permitted to vote but only according to established conventions. Despite being an impartial position, the Speaker in a Westminster system parliament has to stand for re-election if he wishes to stay. In the Republic Of Ireland the Speaker ( Ceann Comhairle ) is deemed to have been elected if he seeks re-election; in the United Kingdom it is a Constitutional Convention that no major party will put up a candidate against the 'Speaker seeking re-election'. Often the speaker performs his duties in a non-partisan manner, but in the United States , the Speaker is the most powerful position in the United States House Of Representatives and participates in legislating. Some nations have a ceremonial president of their lower house of parliament instead of a speaker. It is fairly rare for an Upper House to have a speaker and not instead to have a similar office by another style. For example, the House Of Lords in the United Kingdom has a Lord Chancellor and upper houses in Australia and Chile have presidents. The most common example of upper house leaders being styled "Speaker" is the practice adopted by several U.S. State Legislature s, but the presiding officer of the Canadian Senate is also styled "Speaker". See also
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