| Shunzhi Emperor |
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image_name=| birth=March 15, 1638 |death=Feb. 5, 1661 | clan_name=Aixin-Jueluo (愛新覺羅) Aisin-Gioro | begin_era=Feb. 8, 1644 | end_era=Feb. 17, 1662 | posthumous_name_short=Emperor Zhang (章皇帝) Eldembuhe Hūwangdi| |posthumous_name_full=Emperor Titian Longyun Dingtong Jianji Yingrui Qinwen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang 體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝 ()| begin_reign=Oct. 30, 1644 ¹ | end_reign=Feb. 5, 1661 | dynasty= Qing (清) Cing| given_name=Fulin (福臨) Fulin| temple_name=Shizu (世祖) Šidzu| era_name=Shunzhi (順治) Ijishūn Dasan| notes=''General note: Names given in Chinese , then in Manchu (full posthumous name is in Chinese only). ——— Dates given here are in the Gregorian Calendar . ——— 1. Was emperor of Manchuria between Oct. 8, 1643 -Oct. 30, 1644 . Officially proclaimed emperor of China on Oct. 30, 1644.'' }} The Shunzhi Emperor ( March 15 , 1638 – February 5 , 1661 ?) was the second Emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty , and the first Qing emperor to rule over China Proper from 1644 to 1661 . Early years He ascended to the throne aged five (six according to Traditional Chinese Age Reckoning ) in 1643 upon the death of his father, Hong Taiji , but actual power during the early part of his reign lay in the hands of the appointed regents, Princes Dorgon and Jirgalang. With the Qing pacification of the former Ming provinces almost complete, he died still a young man, although in circumstances that have lent themselves to rumour and speculation. In the midst of much upheaval, the Manchus seized control of Beijing in June 1644 , and in October of the same year the Shunzhi emperor's uncle, the chief regent Prince, proclaimed the Qing dynasty to be the legitimate successor to the Ming Dynasty . Therefore, although the Shunzhi emperor was not the founder of the Qing dynasty, he was the first Qing emperor of China. His mother was the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang who was an excellent politician during the period. The young emperor disliked his uncle, the chief regent Prince Dorgon, and after Dorgon's death in 1650 the emperor stripped both him and Dorgon's brother, Dodo , of their titles, although he was only 12 years old at the time. Brief reign During his short reign, the Shunzhi emperor encouraged the Han Chinese to participate in government activities. He was a scholar and employed Han Chinese to teach his children. He was also an open minded emperor and relied on the advice of Johann Adam Schall Von Bell 湯若望, a Jesuit from Germany , for guidance ranging from astronomy, technologies, to tips for governing an empire. Shunzhi also elevated Schall to his personal mentor and was given free access to the palace. The emperor married his mother's niece, but demoted the empress several years later. In 1661, Shunzhi's favourite concubine Dong suddenly died as a result of grief over the lost of a child. Overwhelmed with grief himself, Shunzhi contracted Smallpox and died shortly thereafter. He was only 24. Before he died, he appointed four regents govern for his child son, Hiowan Yei - Oboi , Sonin , Suksaha , and Ebilun . According to official sources, the Shunzhi Emperor died in 1661 of Smallpox . It was also believed by some that the young emperor did not pass away but left the palace to become a monk. He was interred in the Eastern Qing Tombs (清東陵), 125 kilometers/75 miles east of Beijing, in the Xiaoling (孝陵) mausoleum complex (known in Manchu as the Hiyoošungga Munggan). the Manchu emperor changed the name of their Dynasty from Later Jin to Qin Dynasty because of the fraternal struggles and skirmishes between brothers and half brothers for the throne,since according to the Tao-ist philosophy, the name Jin has the meaning of metal and fire in the its constituent, so according to Tao-ist analysis, this fire in the metal element has the fire to ignite the tempers of the brothers of the Manchu Royal household into open conflicts and wars . So the succeeding Manchu emperor decided to adopt a new name for the Manchu empire , by calling it Qin which has the water symbol 3- strokes in this Chinese character of Chinese srcipture , on the left hand side of the Chinese word Qin , which means clear and transparent quality , in order to use the water symbol of the Chinese word Qin , to put out the fire of the Manchu tempers of the Royal brothers of the Manchu Royal household. Family
#The Demoted Empress (廢后), from the Borjigit clan, demoted in 1653 #Empress Xiaohui Zhang () from the Borjigit clan, made empress in 1654 #Concubine from the : Hiyoošungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu). #Concubine from the Donggo clan (d. 1660 ), the concubine with whom Shunzhi was madly in love, posthumously raised to Empress Xiaoxian Duanjing (孝獻端敬皇后).
The famous cocubine, nee Donggo, was the person that all the other cocubines and the empress were the most jealous of. She was the one that the emperor loved the most. Her son died after a month of birth because the empress had a doctor give him poison. Then the young cocubine later died of over exhaustion and extreme depression over her lost son. A short while after she died, the emperor died of small pox. But it is rumored that he became a monk.
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