Second-class Citizen

A second-class citizen's status may be De Jure or De Facto and is generally regarded as a violation of human rights. Typical impediments facing second-class citizens include Disenfranchisement (a lack of voting rights), limitations on Civil or Military service, as well as restrictions on Language , Religion , Caste and Education .

Examples include:

African Americans before the Civil Rights Era .

The native Black population of the former Apartheid society of South Africa .

Native Indians under British India .

Dalit_(outcaste) in India .

Burakumin in Japan .

Blacks in Cuba

Jews , Roma , Homosexuals and other " Undesirables " in Nazi Germany .

Women and Non-Muslims in Islamic countries.

Political Dissident s and " Class Enemies " in Cold War -era eastern Europe .

Iraq 's Kurdish and Shia population under the rule of Saddam Hussein .

The term is generally used as a Pejorative or in the context of Civil Society Activism and governments will typically deny the existence of a second-class within the Polity , except in the cases of Segregation in the United States , apartheid in South Africa, and the German Nazi rulers.

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Second-class Citizen