Romansh Language Website Links For
Romansh
 

Information About

Romansh Language




  nativename Rumantsch
  familycolor Indo-European
  states Switzerland , Austria , Italy
  region Graubünden
  speakers 50,000–70,000
  fam2 Italic
  fam3 Romance
  fam4 Italo-Western
  fam5 Western Romance
  fam6 Gallo-Iberian
  fam7 Gallo-Romance
  fam8 Gallo-Rhaetian
  nation Switzerland
  iso1 rmiso2=rohiso3=roh


Romansh (also spelled '''Rumantsch''', '''Romansch''' or '''Romanche''') is one of the four national languages of Switzerland , along with German , Italian and French . It is a Romance Language , believed to have descended from the Vulgar Latin spoken by Roman Era occupiers of the region, and, as such, somewhat resembles Italian and French. It is spoken by around 50,000-70,000 people in the canton of Graubünden (Grisons), of which about 35,000 speak it as their first language. Spoken by fewer than 1% of Switzerland's 7.4 million inhabitants, it is the smallest of Switzerland's national languages in terms of number of speakers, about half the size of Switzerland's largest community of speakers of a non-official language, Serbo-Croatian with some 111,000 speakers.


SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Romansh is not a single language but a group of closely-related , spoken by around 500,000-600,000 people in the northeast, and Ladin , spoken by some 20,000 in the Dolomite mountains of the Italian Tyrol.

The five largest languages in the Romansh family are ''Sursilvan'', ''Sutsilvan'', ''Surmiran'', ''Puter'' and ''Vallader''. ''Puter'' and ''Vallader'' are sometimes considered one language: ''Ladin''. Ladin is sometimes associated with the language in Italy's Dolomite mountains also known as Ladin . The ISO 639 language codes are rm and roh.


STANDARDISATION

Romansh was standardised in 1982 by Zürich -based linguist Heinrich Schmid . The standardised language, called Rumantsch Grischun, has not been very well accepted, and speakers of the different dialects tend to address one another in German . This is leading to an acceleration of the decline of the language. On the Orthographic level, Schmid sought to avoid all "odd-looking" spellings, in order to increase general acceptability of the new idiom and its spelling. Therefore, words with followed by , , have (for example ''chalanda'') as both speakers of Engadin (''chalanda'') and the Rhine territory (''calanda'') expect a spelling with . However, and are pronounced and , being a grapheme deemed unfit for a Romance language such as Romansh; therefore, words with plus or have (for example ''tgirar'') instead of . The use of for both and , and of for is taken over from German , making Romansh spelling a compromise between Romance ( Italian , French ) and German spelling.

The ''Lia Rumantscha'' is the Umbrella Organization for all Romansh associations. Its web site provides further background information.


LITERATURE

:''See Swiss Literature#Romansch And Ladin Branch

The emergence of Romansh as a literary language is generally dated to the mid-16th century.


PHONOLOGY


Consonants

The Consonant Phoneme s of Romansh (Rumantsch Grischun) are set out in the following chart:


Vowels

The vowel phonemes of Romansh are shown in the table below:

Schwa occurs only in Unstressed Syllable s. Vowel Length is predictable:
  • Unstressed vowels are short.

  • Stressed vowels in closed syllables (those with a Coda ) are:

  • :long before

  • :short elsewhere

  • Stressed vowels in open syllables are:

  • :short before Voiceless Consonant s

  • :long elsewhere



SOME COMMON EXPRESSIONS


allegra - hello

co vai? - how are you?

fa plaschair - pleased to meet you

bun di - good morning

buna saira - good evening

buna notg - good night

a revair - goodbye

a pli tard - see you later

perstgisai - I beg your pardon

i ma displascha - I'm sorry

perdunai - excuse me

per plaschair - please

grazia fitg - thank you very much

anzi - you're welcome

gratulazions - congratulations

bun cletg - good luck

ils quants è oz? - what's the date today?

quants onns has ti? - how old are you?


EXTERNAL LINKS




FURTHER INFORMATION

  • : German Wikipedia on the linguist whose work on standardisation of the language resulted in Rumantsch Grischun.