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|image = |name = Princeton University |motto = Dei sub numine viget (''Under God's power she flourishes'') |established = 1746 |type = Private |endowment = US $11.8 billion |president = Shirley M. Tilghman |undergrad = 4,635 |postgrad = 1,975 |staff = 1,103 |city = Princeton |state = New Jersey |country = USA |campus = Suburban , 600 Acre s (2.4 Km &2) (Princeton Borough and Township) |free_label = Athletics |free = 38 sports teams |nickname = Tiger s |website = www.princeton.edu }} Princeton University is a in 1746 as the College of New Jersey, it was relocated to Princeton in 1756 and renamed "Princeton University" in 1896. Princeton is primarily focused on undergraduate education and academic research, although the university also offers some professional Master's degrees and PhD programs in a range of subjects. Princeton's focus on undergraduate education is unusual among leading research universities."Princeton simultaneously strives to be one of the leading research universities and the most outstanding undergraduate college in the world. (…) Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching." ''About Princeton'': {Link without Title} (2006.03.21) At over eleven million volumes, its library is among the world's largest university libraries. Primary areas of research include Anthropology , Geophysics , Entomology , and Robotics , while the Forrestal Campus has special facilities for the study of plasma physics and meteorology. Originally a and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University .Both Princeton Theological Seminary and Westminster Choir College maintain cross-registration programs with Princeton. History of the University Established by the “ New Light " Presbyterians , Princeton was originally intended to train Presbyterian ministers. The college opened at Elizabeth, New Jersey , under the presidency of Jonathan Dickinson as the College Of New Jersey . (It was proposed to name it for the colonial Governor, Jonathan Belcher , but he declined.) Its second president was Aaron Burr, Sr. ; the third was Jonathan Edwards . In 1756 the college moved to Princeton, New Jersey . From the time of the move to Princeton in 1756 until the construction of Stanhope Hall in 1803, the University's sole building was Nassau Hall , named for William III Of England of the House Of Orange-Nassau . The University also got one of its colors, orange, from William III. During the American Revolution, Princeton was occupied by both sides, and the college's buildings were heavily damaged. The Battle Of Princeton , fought in a nearby field in January of 1777, proved to be a decisive victory for General George Washington and his troops. Two of Princeton's leading citizens signed the Declaration Of Independence , and during the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the country's capital for four months. The much-abused landmark survived bombardment with Cannonball s in the Revolutionary War when General Washington struggled to wrest the building from British control, as well as later fires that left only its walls standing 1802 and 1855. Rebuilt by Joseph Henry Latrobe , John Notman , and John Witherspoon , the modern Nassau Hall has been much revised and expanded from the Robert Smith -designed original. Over the centuries, its role shifted from an all-purpose building, comprising office, Dormitory , Library , and classroom space, to classrooms only, to its present role as the administrative center of the university. Note that the two sculptures in front of the building are not tigers, but lions because the original mascot of the University, including when these sculptures were dedicated, was the lion. The mascot changed to the tiger later in the University's history. Princeton Companion The Princeton Theological Seminary was separated from Princeton in 1812, since the Presbyterians wanted their ministers to have more theological training, while the faculty and students would have been content with less. This reduced the student body and the external support for Princeton for some time. The two institutions currently enjoy a close relationship based on common history and shared resources. The university was becoming an obscure backwater when President James McCosh took office in 1868. During his two decades in power, he overhauled the curriculum, oversaw an expansion of inquiry into the sciences, and supervised the addition of a number of buildings in the High Victorian Gothic style to the campus. Princeton Companion McCosh Hall is named in his honor. In 1896, the college officially changed its name from the College Of New Jersey to Princeton University to honor the town in which it resided. During this year, the College also underwent large expansion and officially became a university. Under Woodrow Wilson , Princeton introduced the preceptorial system (1905), a then-unique concept that replaced the standard lecture method of teaching with a more personal form where small groups of students, or precepts, could interact with a single instructor, or preceptor, in their field of interest. In 1930, the Institute For Advanced Study , not affiliated with the University, was founded in Princeton and became the first residential institute for Scholars in the country, with Albert Einstein appointed as one of its first professors. The 20th century has seen an influx of scholars, research personnel, and corporations to Princeton from all parts of the world. In 1969, Princeton University first admitted women as undergraduates. In 1887, the university had actually maintained and staffed a Sister College in the town of Princeton on Evelyn and Nassau streets, called the Evelyn College For Women , which was closed after roughly a decade of operation. Years later the administration decided to admit women and turned to the issue of transforming the school's operations and facilities into a female-friendly campus. The administration barely finished these plans by April 1969 when the admission's office had to start mailing out its acceptance letters. Its five-year coeducation plan provided $7.8 million for the development of new facilities that would eventually house and educate 650 women students at Princeton by 1974. Ultimately, 148 women, consisting of 100 freshwomen and transfer students of other years, entered Princeton on September 6, 1969 amidst a frenzy of media ogling and ribbing. Princeton University has been home to scholars, scientists, writers, and statesmen, including four United States presidents, two of whom graduated from the University. James Madison and Woodrow Wilson graduated from Princeton, Grover Cleveland was not an alumnus but served as a trustee of the University for some time while spending his retirement in the town of Princeton, and John F. Kennedy spent his freshman fall at the University before leaving due to illness and later enrolling at Harvard . The entertainer and civil rights figure Paul Robeson grew up in the Borough Of Princeton , and artisans from Italy , Scotland , and Ireland have contributed to the town's architectural history. This legacy, spanning the entire history of American Architecture , is preserved through buildings by such architects as Benjamin Latrobe , Ralph Adams Cram , McKim, Mead & White , Robert Venturi , and Nick Yeager . About Princeton Princeton offers two main (A.B.) and the Bachelor Of Science in engineering (B.S.E.). Courses in the humanities are traditionally either seminars or semi-weekly lectures with an additional discussion seminar, called a "precept" (short for "preceptorial"). To graduate, all A.B. candidates must complete a senior thesis and one or two extensive pieces of independent research, known as "junior papers" or "JPs". They must also fulfill a two semester foreign language requirement and distribution requirements. B.S.E. candidates follow a different track with some but fewer distribution requirements that includes a rigorous science and math curriculum and at least two semesters of independent research. Princeton offers postgraduate research degrees (most notably the Ph.D. ), and ranks among the best in many fields, including mathematics, physics, astronomy and plasma physics, economics, history and philosophy. However, it does not have the extensive range of professional postgraduate schools of many other universities—for instance, Princeton has no medical school or Business School .a short-lived Princeton Law School folded in 1852 Its most famous professional school is the Woodrow Wilson School Of Public And International Affairs (known as "Woody Woo" to students), founded in 1930 as the School of Public and International Affairs and renamed in 1948. The university also offers professional graduate degrees in Engineering , Architecture and Finance . The university's libraries have over 11 million holdings; the main university library, Firestone Library , housing almost four million volumes, is one of the largest university libraries in the world (and among the largest "open stack" libraries in existence). In addition to Firestone, many individual disciplines have their own libraries, including architecture, art history, East Asian studies, engineering, geology, international affairs and public policy, and Near Eastern studies. Seniors in some departments can register for enclosed carrels in the main library for workspace and the private storage of books and research materials. The university is also home to the third-largest university chapel in the world, the Princeton University Chapel. Known for its gothic architecture, the chapel houses one of the largest and most precious stained glass collections in the country. Both the Opening Exercises for entering freshmen and the Baccalaureate Service for graduating seniors take place in the University Chapel. style.]] The campus, located on 2 km&2 of landscaped grounds, features a large number of , used for rowing. Princeton is among the wealthiest universities in the world, with an endowment just over 11 Billion US dollars ( #4th largest in the United States ) sustained through the continued donations of its alumni and maintained by investment advisors. Some of Princeton's wealth is invested in its Art Museum , which features works by Claude Monet and Andy Warhol , among other prominent artists. Princeton consistently ranks among the best universities in the world, and has frequently been ranked number one (#1) by U.S. News and World Report. Princeton hosts two Model United Nations conferences, PMUNC in the fall for high school students and PICSIM in the spring for college students. Princeton University also recently purchased a supercomputer, Orangena , from IBM, as of 11/2005 the 79th fastest in the world (LINPACK performance of 4713; compare up to 12250 for other U. S. universities and 280600 for the top-ranked supercomputer, belonging to the U. S. Department of Energy) {Link without Title} . Financial aid Princeton University was named by the " basis along with U.S. students; removing the value of the family home from the formula that calculates how much parents are expected to contribute to college; reducing the contribution rate on student savings; and decreasing summer savings expectations for lower- and middle-income students. Princeton has no plans to match financial aid initiatives by its peers, Yale and Harvard, which eliminate family contributions altogether for low income students. According to Princeton Director of Financial Aid Don Betterton, "We're satisfied with our program the way it is." Yale Daily News: "Yale reforms financial aid policy" Princeton is also named by both US News and Princeton Review to have the least number of students graduating with debt. The Office of Financial Aid estimates that Princeton seniors on aid will graduate with average indebtedness of $2,360. That compares to the national average of about $20,000 for graduating seniors who have borrowed, according to the office. Statistics show that for the Class of 2009, close to 60% of the incoming students are on some type of Financial Aid . Undergraduate program Undergraduates at Princeton University agree to conform to an academic honesty policy called the ''Honor Code.'' Students write and sign the honor pledge, "I pledge my honor that I have not violated the Honor Code during this examination," on every in-class exam they take at Princeton. The Code carries a second obligation: upon matriculation, every student pledges to report any suspected cheating to the student-run Honor Committee. As a result of this code, students take all tests unsupervised by faculty members. Violations of the Honor Code incur the strongest of disciplinary actions, including suspension and often expulsion. Out-of-class exercises are outside the Honor Committee's jurisdiction, but students are often expected to sign a pledge on their papers that they have not Plagiarized their work ("This paper represents my own work in accordance with University regulations."). Most of the student body lives on campus in dormitories. Freshmen and sophomores live in Residential Colleges . Later-year students have the option to live off-campus, but very few do, because rents in the Princeton area are extremely high. Undergraduate social life revolves around a number of coeducational " Eating Clubs ," which are open to upperclassmen and serve a similar role to that which fraternities and sororities do at some other campuses. Admission is extremely competitive, and according to Fund, and students from these international schools can expect to have their full needs, as assessed by Princeton, met by the fund. In 1869 Princeton competed with Rutgers in the first-ever intercollegiate football game, losing 6 to 4. Its rivalry with Yale , active since 1873, is the second-oldest in American football. In more recent years, Princeton has excelled in men's basketball, both men's and women's lacrosse, and both men's and women's crew. Princeton is also home to one of the world's top-ranked debating societies, the American Whig-Cliosophic Society , which is a member of the American Parliamentary Debating Association and has twice hosted the World Universities Debating Championships . Residential colleges The undergraduate Residential College s are the residential-dining complexes that house freshmen, sophomores, and a handful of junior and senior Resident Advisers . Each college consists of a set of dormitories, a dining hall (e.g., Ricardo A. Mestres Hall), a variety of other amenities (study spaces, libraries, performance spaces, darkrooms, and the like), and a collection of administrators and associated faculty. Princeton presently has five undergraduate residential colleges. Rockefeller College and Mathey College are located in the northwest corner of the campus; their Collegiate Gothic architecture often graces University brochures. Wilson College and Butler College , located south of the center of the campus, are more recent additions, built specifically to become residential colleges. Forbes College , located slightly southwest of the southwest corner of the campus, is a former hotel, purchased by the university and expanded to form a residential college. Princeton broke ground for a sixth college, named Whitman College after its principal sponsor, EBay CEO Meg Whitman , in late 2003. The new dormitories will be constructed in the Neo-Gothic architectural style and have been designed by renowned Architect Demetri Porphyrios . A variant on the present college system was originally proposed by University President Woodrow Wilson in the early twentieth century. Wilson's model was much closer to Yale 's present system, which features four-year colleges. Lacking the support of the Trustees, the plan languished until 1968, when Wilson College was established, capping a series of alternatives to the Eating Clubs . A series of often fierce debates raged before the present underclass-college system emerged. A further addition to the system is slated for the completion date of Whitman College. At the same time that 500 new students will be added to the Princeton undergraduate student body under the Wythes Plan, two of the six residential colleges will be expanded to accommodate upperclassmen—representing the realization of Wilson's plan a century after he proposed it. Princeton has one graduate residential college, known simply as the section, crowned by Cleveland Tower, a local landmark that also houses a world-class carillon. The attached New Graduate College houses more students. Its design departs from collegiate gothic, and is reminiscent of Butler College, the newest of the five pre-Whitman undergraduate colleges. Each residential college hosts social events and activities, guest speakers (such as Edward Norton , who showed a special sneak-preview of Fight Club on campus), and trips. Residential Colleges are best known for their performing art trips to New York City . Students sign up to take trips to see the ballet, the opera, and Broadway shows. Athletics The Princeton Review declared the university the 10th strongest "jock school" in the nation. It has also consistently been ranked at the top of the Time Magazine 's Strongest College Sports Teams lists. Most recently, Princeton was ranked as a top 10 school for athletics by Sports Illustrated . Princeton is best known for its men and women's crew teams, winning several NCAA and Eastern titles in recent years. Princeton has dominated the Ivy league, winning a record 21 conference titles from 2000-2001. At the culmination of 2004, Princeton had garnered a total of 36 Ivy League conference titles from 2001-2004 sports seasons. Most recently in 2005, the Tigers' women's Soccer team made the NCAA Final Four, the first Ivy League team to do so. The Tigers have taken every Field Hockey conference title since 1994. Princeton's Basketball team is perhaps the best known team within the Ivy League, nicknamed the "perennial giant killer". From 1992-2001, a nine year span, Princeton's men's basketball team had entered the NCAA Tournament 6 times—from a conference that has never had an At-large Entry in the NCAA tournament. For the last half-century, Princeton and Penn have traditionally battled for men's basketball dominance in the Ivy League; Princeton had its first losing season in 50 years of Ivy League basketball in 2005. Princeton tied the record for fewest points in a Division I game since the 3-point line started in 1986-87 when they scored 21 points in a loss against Monmouth University on December 14, 2005. Princeton's historical place in American Sports along with that of Rutgers is sealed in the first Intercollegiate Football game ever played on the Rutgers campus on November 6, 1869. Rutgers and Princeton today do not compete in Football, as Rutgers plays in Division 1-A while Princeton plays in Division 1-AA. However, the two schools compete in nearly every other sport that both offer and remain rivals. Significant places Nassau Hall Nassau Hall is the main administrative building of the University. For more information on this historic building, please see the main article, Nassau Hall . Cannon Green Cannon Green is located on the south end of the main lawn. Buried in the ground at the center is the "Big Cannon", the top of which protrudes from the earth and is traditionally spray-painted in orange with the current senior class year. A second "Little Cannon" is buried in the lawn in front of nearby Whig Hall . Both were buried in response to periodic thefts by Rutgers students. The "Big Cannon" is said to have been left in Princeton by Hessians after the Revolutionary War but moved to New Brunswick during the War Of 1812 . Ownership of the cannon was disputed and the cannon was eventually taken back to Princeton partly by a military company and then by 100 Princeton students. The "Big Cannon" was eventually buried in its current location in front of Nassau Hall in 1840. In 1875, Rutgers students attempting to recover the original cannon stole the "Little Cannon" instead. The smaller cannon was subsequently recovered and buried as well. The protruding cannons are occasionally painted scarlet by Rutgers students who continue the traditional dispute.Orange Key Virtual Tour - Princeton-Rutgers Cannon War The Academy Award winning movie, A Beautiful Mind , contains a scene on Cannon Green. John Nash plays Go with his college rival while sitting on stone benches in the middle of the green. (The benches do not exist; like many elements of the Princeton setting, they were introduced for the film.) McCarter Theatre McCarter Theatre is recognized as one of this country's leading regional theaters. Under the Artistic Direction of Emily Mann, the Tony Award -winning McCarter Theatre has demonstrated a commitment to the highest professional standards. McCarter's vision is to create a Theater of testimony, engaged in a dialogue with the world around it, paying tribute to the enduring power of the human spirit and scope of the imagination. A hallmark of the Theater Series is the creation of new work. Since 1991, over 20 new 's ''Having Our Say'', Athol Fugard 's ''Valley Song'', John Henry Redwood 's ''The Old Settler'', and Stephen Wadworth 's adaptations of ''Marivaux''. McCarter premieres have been produced in cities across the country. In the past, the shows of Rodgers And Hammerstein 's '' South Pacific '', Thornton Wilder 's '' Our Town '', and Joseph Kesserling 's Arsenic And Old Lace made their world premieres at McCarter. McCarter Theater is also the unofficial home of the famous Princeton Triangle Club , a comedy theater troupe whose alumni include Brooke Shields and Academy Award -winning actor Jimmy Stewart . Princeton University Art Museum Princeton University Art Museum was to give students direct, intimate, and sustained access to original works of art to complement and enrich the instruction and research at the University, and this continues to be its primary function. Numbering nearly 60,000 objects, the collections range chronologically from ancient to contemporary art, and concentrate geographically on the Mediterranean regions, Western Europe , China , the United States , and Latin America . There is a collection of Greek and Roman Antiquities , including Ceramics , marbles, bronzes, and Roman mosaics from Princeton University’s excavations in Antioch . Medieval Europe is represented by sculpture, metalwork, and stained glass. The collection of Western European paintings includes examples from the early Renaissance through the nineteenth century, and there is a growing collection of twentieth-century and contemporary art. Among the strengths in the museum are the collections of Chinese art, with important holdings in bronzes, tomb figurines, painting, and Calligraphy ; and Pre-Columbian art, with examples of the art of the Maya. The museum has collections of old master prints and drawings and a comprehensive collection of original photographs. African art is represented as well as Northwest Coast Indian art. Other works include those of the John B. Putnam, Jr., Memorial Collection of twentieth-century sculpture, including works by such modern masters as Alexander Calder , Jacques Lipshitz , Henry Moore , Claude Monet and Pablo Picasso . Admissions In 2006, Princeton's overall acceptance rate was 10.2%, accepting 1792 students from a pool of 17,563 applicants. 599 of these were accepted Early Decision out of a total 2236 ED applicants, for a 26.8% Early Decision acceptance rate. Regular Decision was much harsher, with acceptances going to only 1193 out of 15327 applicants (this includes deferred ED students as well), for a 7.8% admittance rate. Traditions
Old Nassau This phrase can refer to:
Princeton neologisms
The Daily Princetonian hosts a detailed (if slightly dated) list of Princeton jargon; see A Princeton Dictionary . Lists of Princeton people In fiction See also: , which contains a list of fictional alumni
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