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FAMILY DIVISION


Panoan consists of 27 languages:

: A. Kaxarari
:: 1. Kaxararí (a.k.a. Kashararí)
: B. Culino
:: 2. Kulino (a.k.a. Culino) ''(†)''
: C. "Mainline" branch
:: i. Cashibo group
::: 3. Nocamán (a.k.a. Nokamán) ''(†)''
::: 4. Cashibo (a.k.a. Cacataibo, Kashibo)
:: ii. Pano group
::: 5. Pánobo ''(†)''
::: 6. Huariapano (a.k.a. Pano, Waripano) ''(†)''
:: iii. Shipibo group
::: 7. Shipibo (a.k.a. Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo)
::: 8. Capanahua (a.k.a. Kapanawa)
::: 9. Marubo (a.k.a. Marobo)
::: 10. Waninnawa
::: 11. Remo (a.k.a. Sakuya, Kukini) ''(†)''
:: 12. Tuxinawa (a.k.a. Tushinawa) ''(†)''
:: iv. Tri-State group (a.k.a. Amawak-Jaminawa, Loos Amawaka-Jaminawa)
::: 13. Amahuaca (a.k.a. Amawaka)
::: 14. Isconahua (a.k.a. Iscobakebo, Iskonawa)
::: 15. Cashinahua (a.k.a. Kashinawa, Kaxinawa, Tuxinawa)
::: 16. Sharanawa (a.k.a. Marinahua, Mastanahua, Parquenahua)
::: 17. Yaminahua (a.k.a. Yaminawa)
::: 18. Atsahuaca (a.k.a. Yamiaca, Atsawaka-Yamiaka) ''(†)''
::: 19. Parannawa ''(†)''
::: 20. Puinaua (a.k.a. Poyanawa)
::: 21. Xipinahua (a.k.a. Shipinawa) ''(†)''
: D. Bolivian branch
:: 22. Karipuna
:: 23. Pacahuara (a.k.a. Pacaguara, Pakaguara)
:: 24. Chácobo (a.k.a. Chákobo):
: E. Shaninawa
:: 25. Shaninawa (a.k.a. Xaninaua)
: F. Sensi
:: 26. Sensi ''(†)''
: G. Mayoruna
:: 27. Mayoruna - Matsés (a.k.a. Matse, Matis, Majoruna)

Kulino, Nocamán, Pánobo, Huariapano, Remo, Tuxinawa, Atsahuaca, Parannawa, Xipinahua, and Sensi have all become Extinct .


GENETIC RELATIONS


The Panoan family is related to the Tacanan family, which together comprise the Pano-Tacanan family. Some other languages reported in Campbell (1997: 190) have been associated with the Panoan family, but their relationship to Panoan is still undetermined:


For more information see also Shell (1975: 14), Miglizza & Campbell (1988: 189-190), Rodrigues (1986: 77-81).


SEE ALSO




EXTERNAL LINKS




BIBLIOGRAPHY


  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). ''American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.

  • Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). ''Ethnologue: Languages of the world'' (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).

  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), ''Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages'' (pp. 13-67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-2927-0414-3.

  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), ''Atlas of the world's languages'' (pp. 46-76). London: Routledge.

  • Migliazza, Ernest C.; & Campbell, Lyle. (1988). ''Panorama general de las lenguas indígenas en América''. Historia general de América (Vol. 10). Caracas: Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia.

  • Shell, Olive A. (1975). ''Las lenguas pano y su reconstrucción''. Serie lingüística Peruana (No. 12). Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.

  • Rodrigues, Aryon. (1986). ''Linguas brasileiras: Para o conhecimento das linguas indígenas''. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.