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FAMILY DIVISION


Pano-Tacanan consists of 2 major branches, Panoan and Tacanan , which are generally considered to be genetically related according to Kaufman (1990, 1994) (although he does list it as a "stock" instead of a "family"). There are 33 Pano-Tacanan languages. (Note: the list below does not show internal branching.)

I. ''Panoan''
: 1. Kaxararí (a.k.a. Kashararí)
: 2. Kulino (a.k.a. Culino) ''(†)''
: 3. Nocamán (a.k.a. Nokamán) ''(†)''
: 4. Cashibo (a.k.a. Cacataibo, Kashibo)
: 5. Pánobo ''(†)''
: 6. Huariapano (a.k.a. Pano, Waripano) ''(†)''
: 7. Shipibo (a.k.a. Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo)
: 8. Capanahua (a.k.a. Kapanawa)
: 9. Marubo (a.k.a. Marobo)
: 10. Waninnawa
: 11. Remo (a.k.a. Sakuya, Kukini) ''(†)''
: 12. Tuxinawa (a.k.a. Tushinawa) ''(†)''
: 13. Amahuaca (a.k.a. Amawaka)
: 14. Isconahua (a.k.a. Iscobakebo, Iskonawa)
: 15. Cashinahua (a.k.a. Kashinawa, Kaxinawa, Tuxinawa)
: 16. Sharanawa (a.k.a. Marinahua, Mastanahua, Parquenahua)
: 17. Yaminahua (a.k.a. Yaminawa)
: 18. Atsahuaca (a.k.a. Yamiaca, Atsawaka-Yamiaka) ''(†)''
: 19. Parannawa ''(†)''
: 20. Puinaua (a.k.a. Poyanawa)
: 21. Xipinahua (a.k.a. Shipinawa) ''(†)''
: 22. Karipuna
: 23. Pacahuara (a.k.a. Pacaguara, Pakaguara)
: 24. Chácobo (a.k.a. Chákobo)
: 25. Shaninawa (a.k.a. Xaninaua, Shanenawa, Xanenaua)
: 26. Sensi ''(†)''
: 27. Mayoruna - Matsés (a.k.a. Matse, Matis, Majoruna)

II. ''Tacanan''
: 28. Tacana (a.k.a. Tupamasa, Takana)
: 29. Reyesano (a.k.a. San Borjano, Maropa)
: 30. Araona (a.k.a. Carina, Cavina)
: 31. Cavineña (a.k.a. Kavinenya)
: 32. Ese’ejja (a.k.a. Ese’eha, Tiatinagua, Chama, Huarayo, Guacanawa, Chuncho, Eseexa, Tatinawa, Ese exa)
: 33. Toromona ''(†)''

Most Panoan languages are spoken in either Peru or western Brazil; a few are in Bolivia. All Tacanan languages are spoken in Bolivia (Ese’ejja is also spoken in Peru). Panoan has considerable sub-branching.

Kulino, Nocamán, Pánobo, Huariapano, Remo, Tuxinawa, Atsahuaca, Parannawa, Xipinahua, Sensi, and Toromona are now Extinct (a total of 11 languages).

11 identified languages in the family,


GENEALOGICAL RELATIONS



EXTERNAL LINKS




BIBLIOGRAPHY


  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). ''American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.

  • Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). ''Ethnologue: Languages of the world'' (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).

  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), ''Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages'' (pp. 13-67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-2927-0414-3.

  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), ''Atlas of the world's languages'' (pp. 46-76). London: Routledge.