Information AboutPāṇini |
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('''पाणिनि''') ( IPA ) was an ancient India n Grammarian (c. 520 – 460 BC , but estimates range from the 7th to 4th Centuries BC ) who lived in Gandhara and is most famous for his Grammar of Sanskrit , particularly for his formulation of the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit Morphology in the text . 's Grammar of Sanskrit is highly systematised and technical. Inherent in its analytic approach are the concepts of the Phoneme , the Morpheme and the Root , only recognized by Western linguists some two millennia later. His rules have a reputation for perfection — that is, they are claimed to describe Sanskrit morphology fully, without any redundancy. A consequence of his grammar's focus on brevity is its highly unintuitive structure, reminiscent of contemporary " Machine Language " (as opposed to "human readable" Programming Language s). His sophisticated logical rules and technique have been widely influential in ancient and modern linguistics. , and the later Indian linguist Bhartrihari , may have had a significant influence on many of the foundational ideas proposed by Ferdinand De Saussure , professor of Sanskrit, who is widely considered the father of modern structural linguistics. uses metarules, Transformation s, and Recursion s with such sophistication that his grammar has the computing power equivalent to a Turing Machine . In this sense Panini may be considered the father of Computing Machines . His work was the forerunner to modern Formal Language Theory , and a precursor to computing. Paninian grammars have also been devised for non-Sanskrit languages. The Backus-Naur Form ( Panini-Backus Form ) or BNF grammars used to describe modern Programming Language s have significant similarities to grammar rules. Nothing definite is known about life, not even the century he lived in (he lived almost certainly after the 7th and before the 3rd century BC). According to tradition, he was born in was already archaic, but still a comprehensible dialect. Deities referred to in his work include Vasudeva (4.3.98). The concept of Dharma is attested in his example sentence (4.4.41) '''' "he observes the law". An important hint for the dating of is the occurrence of the word ' (meaning Greek ) in 4.1.49, where the formation of the word ' (either "Greek woman", or " Greek Script ") is discussed. There would have been no first-hand knowledge of Greeks in Gandhara before the conquests of Alexander The Great in the 330s BC , but it is likely that the name was known via Old Persian '' Yauna '', so that may well have lived as early as the time of Darius The Great (ruled 521 BC – 485/6 BC ). It is not known whether himself used writing for the composition of his work. Some people argue that a work of such complexity would have been impossible to compile without written notes, while others allow for the possibility that he might have composed it with the help of a group of students whose memories served him as 'notepads'. Writing first appears in India in the form of the Brāhmī script from around the 6th Century BC , so it is also possible that he would have known and used a writing system. REFERENCES
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