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The Organisation of African Unity ('''OAU''') or '''Organisation de l'Unité Africaine''' ('''OUA''') was established on May 25 , 1963 . It was disbanded July 9 , 2002 by its last Chairman , South Africa n Thabo Mbeki and replaced by the African Union .

Its intended purpose was to promote the unity and solidarity of the Africa n States and act as a collective voice for the continent. It was also dedicated to the eradication of Colonialism and established a Liberation Committee to aid independence movements.

Its headquarters were established at Addis Ababa , Ethiopia , at the invitation of its emperor, Haile Selassie I . The Charter of the Organisation was signed by 32 independent African states. At the time of its disbanding, 53 out of the 54 countries in Africa were members; Morocco left in 1985 following the admission of Western Sahara in 1982 .

Though widely derided as a bureaucratic "talking shop" with little power, Ghanaian United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan praised the OAU for bringing Africans together. Nevertheless, in its 39 years of existence critics argue that the OAU did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it "The Dictators Club".

Autonomous specialised agencies working under the auspices of the OAU were:


List of Secretaries-general of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and African Union (AU) Chairmen of the Commission




List of Chairmen of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) & African Union (AU)




OAU Summits

It includes ordinary and extraordinary summits.
  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 22-25 May 1961.

  • Cairo(Egypt) : 17-21 Jul. 1964.

  • Accra (Ghana) : 21-26 Oct. 1965.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 5-9 Nov. 1966.

  • Kinshasa(Democratic Republic of the Congo,formerly Zaire) : 11-14 Sep. 1967.

  • Algiers(Algeria) : 13-16 Sep. 1968.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 6-10 Sep. 1969.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 1-3 Sep. 1970.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 21-23 Jun. 1971.

  • Rabat(Morocco) : 12-15 Jun. 1972.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 27-28 May 1973.

  • Kampala(Uganda) : 28 Jul. - 1 Aug. 1975.

  • Port Louis(Mauritius) : 2-6 Jul. 1976.

  • Libreville(Gabon) : 2-5 Jul. 1977.

  • Khartoum(Sudan) : 18-22 Jul. 1978.

  • Monrovia(Liberia) : 17-20 Jul. 1979.

  • Freetown(Sierra Leone) : 1-4 Jul. 1980.

  • Nairobi(Kenya) : 24-27 Jun.1981.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 6-12 Jun. 1983.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 12-15 Nov. 1984.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 18-20 Jul. 1985.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 28-30 Jul. 1986.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 27-29 Jul.1987.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia), Extraordinary Summit : Oct. 1987 .

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 25-28 May 1988.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 24-26 Jul. 1989.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 9-11 Jul. 1990.

  • Abuja(Nigeria) : 3-5 Jul. 1991.

  • Dakar(Senegal) : 29 Jun. - 1 Jul. 1992.

  • Cairo(Egypt) : 28-30 Jun. 1993.

  • Tunis(Tunisia) : 13-15 Jun. 1994.

  • Addis Ababa(Ethiopia) : 26-28 Jun. 1995.

  • Yaoundé(Cameroon) : 8-10 Jun. 1996.

  • Harare(Zimbabwe) : 2-4 Jun. 1997.

  • Ouagadougou(Burkina Faso) : 8-10 Jun. 1998.

  • Algiers(Algeria) : 12-14 Jul. 1999.

  • Sirt(Libya), Extraordinary Summit : 6-9 Sep. 1999.

  • Lomé(Togo) : 10-12 Jul. 2000.

  • Lusaka(Zambia) : 9-11 Jul. 2001, It is the last summit of OAU.



OAU members by date of admission (53 states)


  • 25 May 1963 :

    • :Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Léopoldville), Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, The Sudan, Tanganyika, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta , Zanzibar.


  • 13 Jul 1964 :

    • :Malawi

  • 16 Dec 1964 :

    • :Zambia

  • Oct 1965 :

    • :The Gambia

  • 31 Oct 1966 :

    • :Botswana, Lesotho

  • Aug 1968 :

    • :Mauritius

  • 24 Sep 1968 :

    • :Swaziland

  • 12 Oct 1968 :

    • :Equatorial Guinea

  • 19 Nov 1973 :

    • :Guinea-Bissau

  • 11 Feb 1975 :

    • :Angola

  • 18 Jul 1975 :

    • :Cape Verde, Comoros, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe

  • 29 Jun 1976 :

    • :Seychelles

  • 27 Jun 1977 :

    • :Djibouti

  • Jun 1980 :

    • :Zimbabwe

  • 22 Feb 1982 :

    • :Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)

  • Jun 1990 :

    • :Namibia

  • 24 May 1993 :

    • :Eritrea

  • 6 Jun 1994 :

    • :South Africa


Notes


# Note|1}} 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.
# Note|2}} From 1975 Benin.
# Note|3}} From 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.
# Note|4}} Suspended Dec 2001 - 10 Jul 2003.
# Note|5}} Suspended 4 Aug 2005.
# Note|6}} Withdrew 12 Nov 1984.
# Note|7}} Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.
# Note|8}} Suspended from 25 Feb 2005.
# Note|9}} From 1984 Burkina Faso.


References

  • "OAU After Twenty Years"; Pub. Praeger; ISBN 0030624738; (May 1984)

  • "Africa's First Peacekeeping Operation: The OAU in Chad, 1981-1982" by Terry M. Mays, Pub. Praeger; ISBN 0275976068; (April 30, 2002)

  • "African Exodus: Refugee Crisis, Human Rights, & the 1969 OAU Convention" by Chaloka Beyani, Chris Stringer, Pub. Lawyers Committee for Human Rights; ISBN 0934143730; (July 1995)

  • Report on the Rwandan Genocide in 2000 .