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Southern Mexican Folk Music is centered around the Marimba , which remains popular in Chiapas and Oaxaca . In Yucatán the traditional Jarana music and dance is popular. Modern Mexican musical styles are also changing Mexican music. Cumbia , pop, Hip-hop , and rock, which are heavily influenced by music from the Caribbean islands and the United States, are increasingly becoming popular among Mexican youths on both sides of the border. Traditional genres Mariachi and ranchera As the best-known regional musicians of Mexico , Mariachi bands became common in Jalisco around the beginning of the 20th Century , originally playing at Wedding s. The earliest known appearance of this term in reference to music is from 1852 . It is said that General Porfirio Díaz , in 1907 , ordered a mariachi band to play for the United States Secretary Of State , only if they wore Charro suits, which were worn by the poor musicians' bosses. This is the source of traditional dress for mariachi bands, and is considered the beginning of modern mariachi. By the turn of the century, mariachi was popular across Mexico. Rural subgenres have largely died out, and urban mariachi from Mexico City has dominated the field since the 1930s . It became known as the national music of Mexico after the 1910 Mexican Revolution , and was subsidized during the term of Lázaro Cárdenas . Cornet s were added to mariachi in the 1920s ; they were replaced by Trumpet s ten years later. The first major international trend from Mexico was the popularization of Ranchera , which had developed early in the 20th Century out of Mariachi , and became popular in Latin America after being used in several Films . Thus, a new traditional Mexican ranchera (country music) style came out. Mexican immigrants in the United States made Los Angeles the mariachi capital of the USA by 1961 . Mexican Music was popularized in the United States in the late 1970s as part of a revival of Mariachi music led by performers like Linda Ronstadt . One of the best-known examples of Mexican music in the United States is " La Cucaracha " and the '' Jarabe Tapatío '' (which is referred to as the ''Mexican Hat Dance'' in the United States). The golden age of mariachi was in the 1950s , when the Ranchera style was common in movies. Mariachi Vargas played for many of these Soundtrack s, and the long-lived band's long career and popular acclaim has made it one of the best-known mariachi bands. These movies became very popular in Latin America and mariachis became very popular in places such as Colombia and Peru until this date. Other styles of Mexican son Mariachi is only one genre of Mexican son. Mexican son also includes various miscellaneous styles. The guitar is universally present in nearly all Mexican son sub-genres. Other instruments may include trumpets, violins, and accordions. Mexican son has been rural for most of its history, and requires Audience Participation for zapateado, or foot-stamping done in a counter- Rhythm . Most bands use String Instrument s and Improvised Lyrics . In the 1940s , Mexican music began its rise to international fame, just as Cuban Music was topping charts across the globe. Since then, Mexico has absorbed influences from across Latin America , most especially include Colombia n Cumbia , which is now as much or more known as a Mexican trend than a Colombian one. Mexican Pop Music derives from a mixture of Spanish , Africa n and Aztec or other indigenous sources. Related to Cuba n Son Montuno and Venezuela n Joropo , Mexican son arose in the 18th Century . It is similar to, but historically and characteristically distinct from, Cuban son montuno, despite the similarity in nomenclature. Nine or ten styles of Mexican son have been popular, including Mariachi . Jaliscenses Jalisco 's Folk Music ('' Jaliscienses '') is the source of the internationally-revered Ranchera genre, after it was popularized by Mexican Cinema . Son jarocho Son Jarocho music comes from the Veracruz area, and is distinguished by a strong Africa n influence. International acclaim has been limited, including the major hit '' La Bamba ''. The most legendary performer is Graciana Silva , whose releases on Discos Corason made inroads in Europe . Southern Veracruz is home to a distinct style of Jarochos that is characteristically lacking a Harp , is played exclusively by Requinto or Jarana Guitar s, and is exemplified by the popular modern band Mono Blanco . Arribeño Sierra Gorda 's villages are home to ''trovadores'' who play Arribeño music. Known for lyrical innovation, the genre is competitive in nature, and is accompanied by Guitar s and Violin s. Guillermo Velázquez and Angel Gonzalez are some of the best-known contemporary exponents of arribeño. Calentanos Melodically complex Violin music from the Balsas River Basin of western Mexico. Juan Reynoso is especially popular, and has won the National Prize For Arts And Sciences . Arpa grande Sones de Arpa Grande developed in an arid, hot area of western Mexico. It is dominated by a Harp , accompanied by violins and guitars. Originally confined to poor rural areas and urban brothels, sones de arpa grande is now popular among the suburban and urban middle- and upper-class audiences. Juan Pérez Morfín and Beto Pineda are the best-known performers. Abajeños Indigenous communities have produced their own variants of Mexican son, which is otherwise a primarily Mestizo genre. The Purépecha (from Michoacán ) are known for the sones Abajeños , which are often played alongside Pirekaus , a form of native love song. Famous bands include Atardecer and Erandi . Istmeños The Zapotec s of Oaxaca have produced some extremely famous love songs, and the people's sones Istmeños , which are sung in both Zapotec and Spanish . The music has been popularized, primarily by pop stars from outside the area, including Lila Downs . Son huasteco Son Huasteco music, a style developed by Mexico's Huastec people, is a genre which has been gaining in popularity in recent years. Two guitarists sing in a Falsetto with accompaniment by a Violin . Improvisation is common. Los Camperos de Valle, Harmonia Huasteca, Los Hermanos Calderon and Trio Tamazunchale are especially influential performers. Bolero The bolero is a slow, rhythmically simple (but sometimes melodically complex) love ballad. Although the bolero was born in Cuba, it became a prominent traditional song form in Mexico almost immediately after its conception. Some musicologists even trace a Mexican origin, in terms of influence, in the state of Yucatán , as the traditional son music from this region has many similarities to the Cuban bolero. Agustin Lara, one of the most famous Mexican composers, wrote many boleros that became both popular and traditional pieces in the 20th Century . Contemporary genres Today, there are many popular modern Mexican musical genres. Widely popular country music includes Norteño , Banda , and duranguense bands, which play Ranchera s, Corrido s, and sometimes Cumbia songs. Spanish rock, hip-hop, and electronic music are other modern genres popular among Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Norteño Norteño music (similar to Tex-Mex and Tejano in the United States) almost always has the Accordion as the lead instrument, with Guitar s serving as its roots. Norteño is an outgrowth of Corrido s which told tales of the Mexican Revolution . In the late 1920s , the corridos entered a golden age when Mexicans on both sides of the border recorded in San Antonio -area hotels, revolutionizing the genre alongside Mexico's political revolution. By the time the golden age ended, Narciso Martínez and Santiago Jimenez had introduced the Accordion , which had been introduced by Bohemia n miners who immigrated to the country in the late 19th Century . Alongside the accordion came the Polka , which, alongside Waltz es, chotis and Mazurka , mixed with corridos to form modern norteño in the early 1950s . Although norteño originated in the American State of Texas , it is popular among Mexican American s from virtually any region of the United States . Later in the century, bands such as Los Tigres Del Norte and Los Cadetes De Linares added influences from Cumbia , Rock Music , and other new styles, thus creating a unique new blend in some of their new songs. Banda Banda music, or Mexican big band music, originated in the northwestern Mexican state of Sinaloa . In the 1990s , banda exploded in popularity in the rest of the country and also among Hispanics in the United States. Originally instrumental, this style was popularized by Banda El Recodo , Julio Preciado , and other major stars who started including lyrics and converting popular songs into this genre. Duranguense Música durangunese (often called ''duranguense'' or ''el pasito duranguense'') is a type of music which originated from the northern , música duranguense rapidly gained recognition along with banda and norteño as a style of Mexican music. Duranguense bands play mainly Ranchera s, Polka s, and Cumbia s. Some of the most popular artists include Grupo Montez, Patrulla 81, Alacranes Musical, Los Horoscopos de Durango, and Conjunto Atradecer. Click here to hear what a typical duranguense song sounds like. ''(Piedra by Patrulla 81)'' Cumbia and pop See Also: Mexican cumbia See Also: Mexican pop music The 1980s saw Colombia n Cumbia become even more popular in Mexico than its native land, and it was by far the dominant genre throughout the decade, before Banda overtook it in the 1990s . In the early 1970s and 1980s Mexican bands like '' Rigo Tovar y su Costa Azul'' and '' Los Bukis '' topped the charts, and helped, by the end of the decade, inspire Grupera bands such as '' Yonics '', '' Bronco '', '' El Gran Silencio '' and Los Kumbia Kings . Hip-hop and reggaeton Hip-hop is becoming increasingly popular among Mexican youths in both Mexico and the United States . Some of the most famous Mexican hip-hop artists are Cartel De Santa and Control Machete . Reggaeton , from Puerto Rico , is also popular among Mexican youths and is increasingly influencing Mexican-American hip-hop rhythms. Rock See Also: Mexican rock The same period saw a relaxation of regulations that restricted imports of foreign music. The result was the appearance of Mexican rock bands like Café Tacuba , Los Caifanes , Maná , and Maldita Vecindad . The latter are "grandfathers" to the Latin Ska movement, with Panteón Rococó as the most prominent band. Mexico City has also a considerable movement of bands playing Surf Rock inspired in their outfits by local show-sport Lucha Libre , with Lost Acapulco initiating and leading the movement. Electronic music Electronic Music is prominent in the North with the Nortec Collective and the Static Discos Label, Nopalbeat in Guadalajara, and Discos Konfort , Filtro and Noiselab Collective among others in Mexico City . Electronic music is by far most popular among young people. Electronic music has been getting stronger in Mexico over the last ten years and is heavily influenced by American and European disco music. The cities with most electronic music parties raves and events are Mexico D.F., Guadalajara, Cancún, Acapulco, Monterrey, Ciudad Juárez, Puebla and Tijuana.
Latin alternative An eclectic range of influences is at the heart of Latin Alternative, a music created by young players who have been raised not only on their parents' music but also on rock, hip-hop and electronica. It represents a sonic shift away from regionalism and points to a new global Latin identity. The name "Latin Alternative" was coined in the late 1990s by record company executives as a way to sell music that was -- literally -- all over the map. It was marketed as an alternative to the slick, highly produced Latin pop that dominated commercial Spanish-language radio, such as Ricky Martin or Shakira. Artists within the genre, such as Kinky and Cafe Tacuba, have set out to defy traditional expectations of Latin music. Now, in an age of Internet connections, downloading and sampling, Latin Alternative has become not just a reaction to outside influences but its own genre. Classical music Mexico has a long tradition of classical music, as far back as the 16th century, when it was a Spanish colony. Music of New Spain , especially that of Juan Gutierrez De Padilla and Hernando Franco , is increasingly recognized as a significant contribution to New World culture. Puebla was a significant center of music composition in the 17th century, as the city had considerable wealth and for a time was presided over by Bishop Juan De Palafox Y Mendoza , who was an enthusiastic patron of music. Composers during this period included Bernardo De Peralta Escudero (mostly active around 1640), and also Juan Gutiérrez De Padilla , who was the most famous composer of the 17th century in Mexico. The construction of the cathedral in Puebla made the composition and performance of Polychoral music possible, especially compositions in the Venetian Polychoral Style . Late in the century, Miguel Matheo de Dallo y Lana set the verse of poet Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz . In the 18th century, Ignacio Jerusalem , an Italian-born composer, brought some of the latest operatic styles as well as early classical ('' Galant '') styles to Mexico. His best-known composition is probably the ''Matins for the Virgin of Guadalupe'' (1764). Ignacio was ''maestro di capilla'' at the cathedral in Mexico City from 1749 until his death in 1769. In the 19th century the waltzes of Juventino Rosas reached world recognizion. In the 20th century, Carlos Chavez , is a composer of note who wrote symphonies, ballets, and more. Another recognized composer is Silvestre Revueltas who wrote such pieces as "The night of the mayas", "Homenaje a García Lorca ", "Sensemayá" based on a poem by Nicolas Guillen , "Janitzio" and "Redes". Manuel M. Ponce is recognized as an important composer for the spanish classical guitar, responsible for widening the repertorium for this instrument. Jose Pablo Moncayo with compositions such as "Huapango", and Blas Galindo with "Sones de Mariachi", are also recognized as adapters of mexican sons into symphonic music . See also External links |