Mille Miglia

___TOC__Like the older Targa Florio and later the Carrera Panamericana , the ''MM'' made '' Gran Turismo '' (Grand Touring) sports cars like Alfa Romeo , Ferrari (which debuted as a marque in the 1940 event), Maserati and also Porsche famous.

The race was established by the young ''Contes'' Aymo Maggi and Franco Mazzotti, apparently in response to their home town of Brescia 'losing' the Italian Grand Prix. Together with a group of wealthy associates a race from Brescia to Rome and back was chosen, a figure-of-eight of roughly 1500 km - a thousand Roman miles. Later races followed twelve other courses. The first race started on March 26 , 1927 with around seventy-five starters - all Italian. The winner completed the course in just under 21 hours 5 minutes; local marque OM swept the top three places.

Similar to modern day Rally ing, cars were started one by one, every minute, with the starting time painted on the cars. As even winners needed 16 hours or more at the time, most competitors had to start in the middle of the night and arrived at night - if at all.

One of the most remarkable events in racing history was recorded at the 1930 ''MM''. After the legendary Tazio Nuvolari passed several other contenders and caught up to the last remaining challenger in front, he turned off his headlights at Peschiera and followed Achille Varzi 's tail lamps. Nuvolari would (miraculously) survive, and win.

, Campari and Nuvolari . Each a winner of the Mille Miglia]]

The event was usually dominated by local Italian drivers and marques, but 3 races were won by foreign cars, all of them German. In 1931, Rudolf Caracciola (famous in Grand Prix racing) and onboard mechanic Wilhelm Sebastian put their big supercharged Mercedes-Benz SSK in the winner's circle. It was also the first of 3 wins for a foreign driver as Caracciola was German, despite his name. The win was a surprise as Caracciola received very little support from the factory due to the economic crisis at that time. He did not have enough mechanics to man all service points. After performing a pit stop, they had to hurry across Italy, cutting the triangle-shaped course short in order to arrive in time before the race car.

The race was briefly stopped by Mussolini after an accident in 1938 killed a number of spectators. When it resumed in 1940 during war time, it was dubbed the Grand Prix of Brescia, and held on a 100km short course in the plains of Northern Italy that was lapped 9 times.
This event saw the debut of the Ferrari marque (with the Tipo 815 ). Despite being populated (due to the circumstances even more than usual) mainly by Italian makers, it was the aerodynamically improved BMW 328 driven by Germans Huschke Von Hanstein / Walter Baumer that won the high-speed race at an all-time high average of 166 km/h.

The Italians continued to dominate their race after the war, now again on a single big lap through Italy. Mercedes made another good effort in 1952 with the underpowered original Mercedes-Benz 300 SL ''Gullwing'', scoring second with the German crew Karl Kling / Hans Klenk that later in the year would win the Carrera Panamericana . Caracciola, in a comeback attempt, crashed out.

Few other non-Italians managed podium finishes in the 1950s, among them Juan Manuel Fangio , Peter Collins and Wolfgang Von Trips . In 1955, Mercedes made another attempt at winning the MM, this time with careful preparation and a more powerful car, the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR which was based on the Formula One car ( Mercedes-Benz W196 ), not the other sports cars named Mercedes-Benz 300SL .
Both young German Hans Herrmann (who had a remarkable previous efforts with Porsche ) as well as British Stirling Moss relied on the support of navigators while Juan Manuel Fangio preferred to drive alone as usual as he considered road races dangerous since his co-pilot was killed in South America.

So, in 1955 , Moss and his navigator, motor race journalist Denis Jenkinson , ran a total of six reconnaissance laps beforehand, enabling "Jenks" to make course notes (pace notes) on a scroll of paper 15 feet long that he read from and gave directions to Moss during the race by a coded system of hand signals. Although this undoubtedly helped them, Moss's innate ability was clearly the predominant factor. Indeed, it should be noted that Moss was competing against drivers with a large amount of local knowledge of the route, so the reconnaissance laps were considered an equaliser, rather than an advantage.

Hans Herrmann wase said to be fastest in the early stages. He already had a remarkable race in 1954, when the gate on a railroad crossing were lowered in the last moment before the fast train to Rome passed. Driving a very low Porsche 550 Spyder, Herrmann decided it was too late for a brake attempt anyway, knocked on the back of the helmet of his navigator Herbert Linge to make him duck, and they barely passed below the gates and before the train, to the surprise of the spectators. Herrmann was less lucky in 1955 as he had to abandon the race.

After 10h07'48", Moss/Jenkinson arrived in Brescia in their Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR with the now famous #722, setting the event record at an average of 159,65 km/h which was fastest on this variant of the course, not to be beaten in the remaining two years. Fangio arrived a few minutes later in the #658 car, but having started 24min earlier, it actually took him about 30 minutes longer.

The race was banned after a fatal crash in 1957 that took the lives of driver Alfonso de Portago, his co-driver/navigator, and eleven spectators, at the village of Guidizzolo. The crash was probably caused by a blown tyre. The manufacturer was blamed and sued for this, as well as the Ferrari team, which did not change tyres in order to save time.

From 1958 to 1961, the event resumed as a Rallying -like round trip at legal speeds with a few special stages driven at full speed, but this was discontinued also.

Since 1977, the name was revived as the ''Mille Miglia Storica'', a parade for pre-1957 cars that takes several days.

MILLE MIGLIA WINNERS