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The Argentine Armed Forces are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the , a Gendarmerie land force used to guard the frontiers and strategic military places; and the Naval Prefecture , a Coast Guard naval force used to protect internal rivers and the territorial sea. STRUCTURE The military is under the direct authority of the Defense Ministry (''Ministerio de Defensa''), and is comprised of five branches divided in two categories:
Additionally under the Defense Ministry is CITEFA (''Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de las Fuerzas Armadas''), or Armed Forces Scientific and Technical Research Centre. HISTORY The Argentine military were considerably more influential in former times. Throughout the 20th century, democratic governments were more often than not interrupted by military Coups D'etat (see History Of Argentina ). The last military dictatorship lasted from 1976 to 1983 and was termed "National Reorganization Process" by its leaders (see '' Proceso De Reorganización Nacional ''). For details on the crimes committed by the Proceso's military juntas, see Dirty War . In 1965 , the Argentinean military conducted a large-scale land military maneuver on Antarctica . Nicknamed Operación 90 , this was undertaken ten years before the Antarctic Treaty came into being and was conducted to cement Argentina's claims to a portion of the Antarctic territories. Since 1816 independence, Argentina has had traditionally difficult relations with its neighbor Chile which almost caused a war between the two countries in 1978 , on the basis of disputed islands in the Atlantic-Pacific line. The conflict was resolved by intermediation of Pope John Paul II and in the form of a Peace And Friendship Treaty (''Tratado de Paz y Amistad'') in 1984 . Since then, under presidents Carlos Menem and Fernando De La Rúa , international relations improved, and Argentine officials now publicly deny seeing a potential threat from any neighboring country. The multiple border disputes with Chile have been resolved. Within democracy, the Argentine military had been reduced both in number and budget but became more professional by making the military service volunteer. The British embargo due to the Falklands/Malvinas War has been officially eliminated since the 1990s , Argentina was granted a Major Non-NATO Ally status by the US President Bill Clinton , and the Armed Forces began a close defense cooperation and friendship policy with neighbors Brazil and Chile . Argentina has not sent troops to wars abroad in recent times, but has remained involved in UN Peacekeeping efforts in multiple locations like Cyprus , Croatia / Bosnia and Haiti . Under president Néstor Kirchner , relations with the United States have become of a different nature:
While Mercosur is only an economic entity so far, the strengthening of confidence among the member countries has been beneficial to the peace in the region, exercising a useful role in supporting democracy. The Mercosur served, for example, to discourage the Paraguay an military during an attempted coup in early 2000. Argentina maintains close defense cooperation and military-supply relationships with the United States and in a lower scale with Israel , Germany , France , Spain and Italy . REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS |