| Metropolitan Museum Of Art |
Index for Metropolitan |
Website Links For Metropolitan |
Information AboutMetropolitan Museum Of Art |
|
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as '''The Met''', is one of the world's largest and most important Art Museum s, located on the eastern edge of Central Park in Manhattan , New York , United States . It also comprises a building complex known as " The Cloisters " in Fort Tryon Park at the north end of Manhattan Island overlooking the Hudson River which features medieval Art . The Met's permanent collection contains more than two million works of art from around the world. The collection's holdings range from treasures of Frank Lloyd Wright . The Department of Arms and Armor displays a collection of antique Weapon s and Armor from around the world, primarily Europe , but also Japan , the United States , and the Middle East , with extensive holdings from other cultures and periods in the study collection. History The museum opened on February 20 , 1872 . Robert Lee Jenkins , a railroad executive whose own collection seeded the museum, served as its first President. Its founding Superintendent was the publisher George Palmer Putnam . Its director from 1955 to his death on May 11 , 1966 , was James J. Rorimer . He was succeeded by Thomas Hoving , who served from March 17 , 1967 to June 30 , 1977 . The current director is Philippe De Montebello . Departments The Met's permanent collection is cared for and exhibited by nineteen separate departments, each with a specialized staff of Curator s, Restorers , and scholars. American Decorative Arts The American Decorative Arts Department includes about 12,000 examples of American Decorative Art , ranging from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth century. Though the Met acquired its first major holdings of American decorative arts via a 1909 donation by Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage , wife of the financier Russell Sage , a decorative arts department specifically dedicated to American works was not established until 1934 . One of the prizes of the American Decorative Arts department is its extensive collection of American Stained Glass . This collection, probably the most comprehensive in the world, includes many pieces by Louis Comfort Tiffany . The department is also well-known for its twenty-five period rooms, each of which recreates an entire room, furnishings and all, from a noted period or designer. The department's current holdings also include an extensive Silver collection notable for containing numerous pieces by Paul Revere as well as works by Tiffany & Co. American Paintings and Sculpture Ever since its founding, the Metropolitan Museum of Art has placed a particular emphasis on collecting American art. The first piece to enter the Met's collection was an Allegorical Sculpture by Hiram Powers titled ''California'', acquired in 1870 , which can still be seen in the Met's galleries today. In the following decades, the Met's collection of American paintings and sculpture has grown to include more than one thousand paintings, six hundred sculptures, and 2,600 drawings, covering the entire range of American art from the early Colonial period through the early twentieth century. Many of the best-known American paintings are held in the Met's collection, including a portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart and Emanuel Leutze's monumental '' Washington Crossing The Delaware ''. The collection also includes masterpieces by such notable American painters as Winslow Homer , George Caleb Bingham , John Singer Sargent , James McNeill Whistler , and Thomas Eakins . Ancient Near Eastern Art Beginning in the late 1800s , the Met started to acquire ancient art and artifacts from the Near East . From a few Cuneiform tablets and Seals , the Met's holdings of Near Eastern works have grown to encompass pieces dating from the beginning of the Neolithic Period through the Arab conquest of the Sasanian Empire in 651 . The collection includes works from the Sumerian , Hittite , Sasanian , Assyrian , Babylonian and Elamite cultures (among others), as well as an extensive collection of unique Bronze Age objects. The highlights of the collection include a set of monumental stone '' Lammasu '', or guardian figures, from the Northwest Palace of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II . Arms and Armor The Met's Department of Arms and Armor, the only one of its kind in the United States, is certainly one of its most popular collections. The distinctive "parade" of armored figures on horseback installed in the first-floor Arms and Armor gallery is one of the most recognizable images of the museum. The department's focus on "outstanding craftsmanship and decoration", including pieces intended solely for display, means that the collection is strongest in Late Medieval European pieces and Japanese pieces from the fifth through the nineteeth centuries. However, these are not the only cultures represented in Arms and Armor; in fact, the collection spans more geographic regions than almost any other department, including weapons and armor from Dynastic Egypt , Ancient Greece , the Roman Empire , the ancient Near East , Africa , Oceania , and the Americas . Among the collection's 15,000 objects are many pieces made for and used by kings and princes, including armor belonging to Henry II Of France and Ferdinand I Of Germany . Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas Though the Met first acquired a group of Peruvian antiquities in 1882, the museum did not begin a concerted effort to collect works from Africa, Oceania, and the Americas until 1969, when American Businessman and Philanthropist Nelson A. Rockefeller donated his more than 3,000-piece collection to the museum. Today, the Met's collection contains more than 11,000 pieces from Sub-Saharan Africa , the Pacific Islands and the Americas and is housed in the 40,000 square-foot Rockefeller Wing on the south end of the museum. The collection ranges from 40,000-year-old Australian Aboriginal rock paintings, to a group of fifteen-foot high memorial poles carved by the Asmat People of New Guinea , to a priceless collection of ceremonial and personal objects from the Nigerian Court Of Benin . The range of materials represented in the Africa, Oceania, and Americas collection is undoubtedly the widest of any department at the Met, including everything from precious metals to Porcupine quills. Asian Art The Met's Asian department holds a collection of Calligraphy and painting, as well as for its Nepalese and Tibetan works. However, not only "art" and ritual objects are represented in the collection; many of the best-known pieces are functional objects. The Asian wing even contains a complete Ming Dynasty garden court, modeled on a courtyard in the Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets in Suzhou . The Costume Institute In 1937, the Museum of Costume Art joined with the Met and became its Costume Institute department. Today, its collection contains more than 80,000 costumes and accessories. Due to the fragile nature of the items in the collection, the Costume Institute does not maintain a permanent installation. Instead, every year it holds two separate shows in the Met's galleries using costumes from its collection, with each show centering on a specific designer or theme. In past years, Costume Institute shows organized around famous designers such as Chanel and Gianni Versace have drawn significant crowds to the Met. Drawings and Prints Though other departments contain significant numbers of Drawing s and Prints , the Drawings and Prints department specifically concentrates on North American pieces and Western European works produced after the Middle Ages . Currently, the Drawings and Prints collection contains more than 11,000 drawings, 1.5 million prints, and twelve thousand illustrated books. The collection has been steadily growing ever since the first bequest of 670 drawings donated to the museum by Cornelius Vanderbilt in 1880 . The great masters of European painting, who produced many more sketches and drawings than actual paintings, are extensively represented in the Drawing and Prints collection. The department's holdings contain major drawings by Michelangelo , Leonardo Da Vinci , and Rembrandt , as well as prints and etchings by Van Dyck , Dürer , and Degas among many others. Egyptian Art Though the majority of the Met's initial holdings of . Dismantled by the Egyptian government to save it from rising waters caused by the building of the Aswan High Dam , the large Sandstone temple was given to the United States in 1965 and assembled in the Met's Sackler Wing in 1978 . Situated in a large room, partially surrounded by a reflecting pool and illuminated by a wall of windows opening onto Central Park, the Temple of Dendur is one of the Met's most enduring attractions. European Paintings The Met has one of the world's best collections of , twenty-one oils by Cezanne , and eighteen Rembrandt s including ''Aristotle With a Bust of Homer''. The Met's five paintings by Vermeer represent the largest collection of the artist's work anywhere in the world. Other highlights of the collection include Van Gogh's ''Self-Portrait with a Straw Hat'', Pieter Bruegel The Elder's ''The Harvesters'', Georges De La Tour's ''The Fortune Teller'', and Jacques-Louis David's ''The Death of Socrates''. In recent decades, the Met has carried out a policy of deaccessioning its "minor" holdings in order to purchase a smaller number of "world-class" pieces. Though this policy remains controversial, it has gained a number of outstanding (and outstandingly expensive) masterpieces for the European Paintings collection, beginning with Velázquez's '' Juan De Pareja '' in 1971 . One of The Met's latest purchases is Duccio 's '' Madonna And Child '', which cost the museum more than 45 million Dollars , more than twice the amount it had paid for any previous painting. The painting itself is only slightly larger than 9 by 6 inches, but has been called "the Met's '' Mona Lisa ''". European Sculpture and Decorative Arts Though European painting may have its own department, other European decorative arts are well-represented at the Met. In fact, the European Sculpture and Decorative Arts collection is one of the largest departments at the Met, holding in excess of 50,000 separate pieces from the {Link without Title} through the early twentieth century. Though the collection is particularly concentrated in Renaissance sculpture -- much of which can be seen ''in situ'' surrounded by contemporary furnishings and decoration -- it also contains comprehensive holdings of furniture, jewelry, glass and ceramic pieces, tapestries, textiles, and timepieces and mathematical instruments. Visitors can enter dozens of completely furnished period rooms, transplanted in their entirety into the Met's galleries. The collection even includes an entire sixteenth-century Patio from the Spanish castle of Vélez Blanco , meticulously reconstructed in a two-story gallery. Sculptural highlights of the sprawling department include Bernini's ''Bacchanal'', a cast of Rodin's '' The Burghers Of Calais '', and several unique pieces by Houdon , including his ''Bust of Voltaire '' and his famous portrait of his daughter Sabine. Greek and Roman Art The Met's collection of Greek and Roman art contains more than 50,000 works dated through A.D. 312 . The Greek and Roman collection dates back to the founding of the museum -- in fact, the museum's first accessioned object was a Roman sarcophagus. Though the collection naturally concentrates on items from Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire , these historical regions represent a wide range of cultures and artistic styles, from classic Greek Black-figure and Red-figure vases to carved Roman Tunic pins. Several highlights of the collection include the Euphronios Krater depicting the death of Sarpedon , a magnificently detailed Etruscan Chariot . The collection also contains many pieces from far earlier than the Greek or Roman empires -- among the most remarkable are a collection of early Cycladic sculptures from the Mid-third Millennium BCE , many so abstract as to seem almost modern. The Greek and Roman galleries also contain several large classical wall paintings and reliefs from different periods, including an entire reconstructed bedroom from a noble Villa in Boscoreale , excavated after its entombment by the eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79 . By 2007 , the Met's Greek and Roman galleries will be expanded to approximately 60,000 square feet, allowing the majority of the collection to be on permanent display. Islamic Art The Met's collection of Islamic art is not confined strictly to religious art, though a significant number of the objects in the Islamic collection were originally created for religious use or as decorative elements in Mosque s. Much of the collection consists of secular items, including ceramics and Textiles , from Islamic cultures ranging from Spain to North Africa to Central Asia . In fact, the Islamic Art department's collection of miniature paintings from Iran and Mughal India are a highlight of the collection. Calligraphy both religious and secular is well-represented in the Islamic Art department, from the official decrees of Suleiman The Magnificent to a number of Qu'ran manuscripts reflecting different periods and styles of calligraphy. As with many other departments at the Met, the Islamic Art galleries contain many interior pieces, including the entire reconstructed ''Nur Al-Din Room'' from an early 18th Century house in Damascus . The Islamic Arts galleries are undergoing expansion and are projected to be closed until early 2008 . Until that time, a number of items from the collection are on temporary display throughout the museum. Robert Lehman Collection On the passing of banker , particularly the Sienese school. Paintings in the collection include masterpieces by Botticelli and Domenico Veneziano , as well as works by a significant number of Spanish painters, El Greco and Goya among them. Lehman's collection of drawings by the Old Masters , featuring works by Rembrandt and Dürer , is particularly valuable for its breadth and quality. To emphasize the personal nature of the Robert Lehman Collection, the Met has housed the collection in a special set of galleries which recreate the interior of Lehman's richly decorated Townhouse . Princeton University Press has documented the massive collection in a multi-volume book series published as "''The Robert Lehman Collection Catalogues''." The Libraries The main library at the Met is the Thomas J. Watson Library, named after its benefactor. The Watson Library primarily collects books related to the history of art, including exhibition catalogues and auction sale publications, and generally attempts to reflect the emphasis of the museum's permanent collection. Several of the museum's departments have their own specialized libraries relating to their area of expertise. The Watson Library and the individual departments' libraries also hold substantial examples of early or historically important books which are works of art in their own right. Among these are books by Dürer and Athanasius Kircher , as well as editions of the seminal Surrealist magazine "'' VVV ''" and a copy of "''Le Description de l'Egypte,''" commissioned in 1803 by Napoleon Bonaparte and considered one of the greatest achievements of French publishing. Medieval Art The Met's collection of medieval art consists of a comprehensive range of Western art from the 4th Century through the early 16th Century , as well as Byzantine and pre-medieval European antiquities not included in the ancient Greek and Roman collection. Like the Islamic collection, the Medieval collection contains a broad range of two- and three-dimensional art, with religious objects heavily represented. In total, the Medieval Art department's permanent collection numbers about 11,000 separate objects. Because of its size, it is the only collection to be divided between two locations : the main museum building on Fifth Avenue and the Cloisters, a separate building dedicated solely to medieval art. The same curatorial department oversees both locations. =Main Building The medieval collection in the main Metropolitan building, centered on the first-floor medieval gallery, contains about six thousand separate objects. While a great deal of European medieval art is on display in these galleries, most of the European pieces are concentrated at the Cloisters (see below). However, this allows the main galleries to display much of the Met's Byzantine art side-by-side with European pieces. The main gallery is host to a wide range of tapestries and church and funerary statuary, while side galleries display smaller works of precious metals and ivory, including Reliquary pieces and secular items. The main gallery, with its high arched ceiling, also serves double duty as the annual site of the Met's elaborately decorated Christmas tree. =The Cloisters See Also: The Cloisters The Cloisters, so named on account of the five medieval French Cloisters whose salvaged structures were incorporated into the modern building, is a work of art in its own right. The result, which evokes its constitutent sources without directly mimicking any particular building, features stained-glass windows, carved beams and columns, and even tapestries from the original sites. The Cloisters' four-acre site includes several gardens planted according to Horticultural information from contemporary sources. While the medieval collection exhibited at the main Metropolitan building is wide-ranging, the five thousand objects at the Cloisters are strictly limited to medieval European works. The collection exhibited here features many items of outstanding beauty and historical importance; among these are the '' Très Riches Heures Du Duc De Berry '' illustrated by the Limbourg Brothers in 1409 , the Romanesque altar cross known as the "Cloisters Cross" or " Bury Cross ," and the seven heroically detailed Tapestries depicting the Hunt Of The Unicorn . Modern Art Though the , spanning his entire career. Due to the Met's long history, "contemporary" paintings acquired in years past have often migrated to other collections at the museum, particularly to the American and European Paintings departments. Musical Instruments The Met's collection of musical instruments, with about five thousand examples of musical instruments from all over the world, is virtually unique among major museums. The collection began in 1889 with a donation of several hundred instruments by Lucy W. Drexel , but the department's current focus came through donations over the following years by Mary Elizabeth Adams , wife of John Crosby Brown . Instruments were (and continue to be) included in the collection not only on aesthetic grounds, but also insofar as they embodied technical and social aspects of their cultures of origin. The modern Musical Instruments collection is encyclopedic in scope; every continent is represented at virtually every stage of its musical life. Highlights of the department's collection include several Stradivari Violin s, a collection of Asian instruments made from precious metals, and the oldest surviving Piano , a 1720 model by Bartolomeo Cristofori . Many of the instruments in the collection are playable, and the department encourages their use by holding concerts and demonstrations by guest musicians. Photographs The Met's collection of Photograph s, numbering more than 20,000 in total, is centered around five major collections plus additional acquisitions by the museum. Alfred Stieglitz , a famous photographer himself, donated the first major collection of photographs to the museum, which included an comprehensive survey of Photo-Secessionist works, a rich set of master prints by Edward Steichen , and an oustanding collection of Stieglitz's photographs from his own studio. The Met supplemented Stieglitz's gift with the 8,500-piece Gilman Paper Company Collection , the Rubel Collection , and the Ford Motor Company Collection , which respectively provided the collection with early French and American photography, early British photography, and post- WWI American and European photography. The museum also acquired Walker Evans's personal collection of photographs, a particular coup considering the high demand for his works. Though the department gained a permanent gallery in 1997 , not all of the department's holdings are on display at any given time, due to the sensitive materials represented in the photography collection. However, the Photographs department has produced some of the best-received temporary exhibits in the Met's recent past, including a Diane Arbus retrospective and an extensive show devoted to spirit photography. Trivia The area around the Metropolitan Museum of Art, commonly referred to as " Museum Mile ," is particularly dense in museums large and small. Both the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and Whitney Museum Of American Art are located near the Met's main building. However, as a Manhattan-based museum, the Met is often viewed as competing most directly with the Museum Of Modern Art . Even as other New York museums, such as the Museum of Modern Art, have been criticized for their increasing price of admission (MOMA's mandatory admission fee has reached $20), the Met's entrance fee is still entirely optional. The vast majority of visitors to the Met, however, pay the suggested amount. The Met was famously used as the setting for much of the Newberry Medal -winning children's book, '' From The Mixed-Up Files Of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler '', in which the two young protagonists run away from home and secretly stay several nights in the museum. Gallery of some works on display Image:Sargent MadameX.jpeg| Sargent Image:Tizian 099.jpg| Titian Image:Antoine Watteau 063.jpg| Watteau Image:Nicolas Poussin 008.jpg| Turner Image:Jan Vermeer van Delft 022.jpg| Vermeer Image:Claude Monet 034.jpg| Monet Image:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 081.jpg| Renoir Image:Sisley-Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne met.jpg| Sisley Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 059.jpg| Van Gogh Image:New York Pictures 3 by emauscr.jpg Image:Villers_Young_Woman_Drawing.jpg| Villers Image:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware.png| Leutze See also External links
|