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Maurice Of Saxony




Duke (1541–53) and later elector (1547–53) of Saxony, whose clever manipulation of alliances and disputes gained the Albertine branch of the Wettin Dynasty extensive lands and the electoral dignity.

Maurice succeeded his father, Henry IV, Duke Of Saxony , in 1541 . Although a Protestant, he aided the Roman Catholic Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor against the forces of Suleiman The Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire ( 1542 ), Wilhelm, Duke Of Jülich-Cleves-Berg ( 1543 ), and Francis I Of France ( 1544 ).

In 1545, he was dissuaded from supporting the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League by an imperial promise of the Saxon electorship, held by John Frederick (1503-1554) the Magnanimous of the rival Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty; Maurice returned to Charles's camp and conquered electoral Saxony. Ousted in 1547, he returned after John Frederick's defeat in the Battle Of Mühlberg ( April 24 1547 ) and received the electoral dignity and sizable lands.

Soon, however, Maurice began to resent Charles's plans to reintroduce Catholicism in Germany's Protestant territories and the continued imprisonment of his father-in-law, Philip The Magnanimous, Landgrave Of Hesse , whose freedom Charles had guaranteed. Commissioned to capture the rebellious Lutheran city of Magdeburg (1550), Maurice seized the occasion to raise an army and signed anti-Habsburg compacts with France and Germany's Protestant princes. In March 1552 the rebels overran southern Germany and parts of Austria, forcing the Emperor to flee and release Philip.

In August 1552 the Lutheran position was provisionally guaranteed by the Peace Of Passau . Again returning to the Emperor's camp, Maurice campaigned against the Othomans in Hungary. Finally, in northwestern Germany, he confronted his former ally Albrecht II Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach ( Albert The Warlike ), who had rejected the Passau armistice. He defeated Albrecht in the Battle Of Sievershausen (1553) but was himself killed in this battle.

His only daughter Anna Of Saxony married William The Silent and was mother to Maurice Of Nassau, Prince Of Orange .

  Title Elector Of Saxony
  Before John Frederick
  After Augustus



REFERENCES

  • Georg Voigt, Moritz von Sachsen, Leipzig 1876.

  • Erich Brandenburg, Moritz von Sachsen, Bd. I, Leipzig 1899.

  • Günther, Wartenberg, Landesherrschaft und Reformation. Moritz von Sachsen und die albertinische Kirchenpolitik bis 1546. Weimar 1988.

  • Karlheinz Blaschke, Moritz von Sachsen. Ein Reformationsfürst der zweiten Generation. Göttingen 1983.

  • Johannes Herrmann, Moritz von Sachsen. Beucha 2003.

  • Hans Baumgarten, Moritz von Sachsen, Berlin 1941.

  • Hof und Hofkultur unter Moritz von Sachsen (1521-1553), hrsg. von André Thieme und Jochen Vötsch, unter Mitarbeit von Ingolf Gräßler im Auftrag des Vereins für sächsische Landesgeschichte, Beucha 2004.



REFERENCES