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The name ''Maipurean/Maipuran'' was named after the Maipure Language of Colombia and Venezuela by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782. MAIPUREAN VS. ARAWAKAN In recent years, the term ''Maipurean'' refers to a core family of undoubtedly related languages while the term ''Arawakan'' refers to a larger and hypothetical phylum at a level above Maipurean. In this sense, Maipurean is a sub-grouping under a (macro-)Arawakan stock along with Guajiboan , Arauan , Candoshi , Harákmbut , and the extinct Puquina . Another usage of the term ''Arawakan'' is synonymous with ''Maipurean'' where they both are used interchangeably to refer to this core family. In this sense, readers may find ''Arawakan'' referring to the larger grouping and ''Arawakan Proper'' referring the (Maipurean) subgrouping. FAMILY DIVISION The classification of Maipurean is difficult due to the large number of languages which are Extinct and poorly documented. The following (tentative) classification is from Kaufman (1994: 57-60). In addition to the family tree detailed below, there are a few languages that are "Non-Maipurean Arawakan languages or too scantily known to classify" (Kaufman 1994: 58), which include: Another language is also mentioned as "Arawakan":
Including these unclassified languages mentioned above, the Maipurean family has about 64 languages. Out of these, 29 languages are now Extinct : Wainumáf, Mariaté, Anauyá, Amarizana, Jumana, Pasé, Cawishana, Garú, Marawá, Guinao, Yavitero, Maipure, Manao, Kariaí, Waraikú, Yabaána, Wiriná, Aruán, Taíno, Kalhíphona, Marawán-Karipurá, Saraveca, Custenau, Paunaca, Inapari, Kanamaré, Shebaye, Lapachu, and Morique. Gordon (2005) lists Aikaná (a.k.a. Tubarão) and Irantxe (a.k.a. Irántxe) under Maipurean, but Campbell (1997) & Kaufman (1994) list these languages as a Language Isolate s/ Unclassified Language s. Gordon also lists the following extinct "unclassified Arawkan" languages which do not appear in Campbell or Kaufman: Ponares may be related to Piapoco or Achagua . Chané may be a Dialect of Terena although Gordon says that it is distinct from Terena (note also that Gordon considers Guana a separate language while Campbell and Kaufman consider this a dialect of Terena). Northern Maipurean I. Northern Maipurean : A. ''Upper Amazon branch'' :: i. Western Nawiki ::: a. Wainumá group ''(†)'' :::: 1. Wainumá ''(†)'' :::: 2. Mariaté ''(†)'' ::: 3. Anauyá ''(†)'' ::: b. Piapoko group :::: 4. Achagua (a.k.a. Achawa) :::: 5. Piapoco (a.k.a. Piapoko) :::: 6. Amarizana ''(†)'' ::: 7. Caviyari (a.k.a. Kaviyarí, Cabiyarí) ::: c. Warekena group :::: 8. Guarequena (a.k.a. Warekena) :::: 9. Mandahuaca (a.k.a. Mandawaka) ::: d. Río Negro group :::: 10. Jumana ''(†)'' :::: 11. Pasé ''(†)'' :::: 12. Cawishana (a.k.a. Kawishana) ''(†)'' ::: e. Yucuna group (a.k.a. Jukuna language area) :::: 13. Yucuna (a.k.a. Jukuna) :::: 14. Garú ''(†)'' :: ii. Eastern Nawiki ::: 15. Tariana (a.k.a. Tariano) ::: a. Karu group :::: 16. Ipeka - Kurripako (a.k.a. Curripako, Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako) :::: 17. Karútiana - Baniwa (a.k.a. Baniva, Carútana-Baniwa) :::: 18. Katpolítani - Moriwene - Mapanai ''(dialect?)'' :: iii. Resígaro ::: 19. Resígaro :: iv. Central Upper Amazon ::: a. Baré group :::: 20. Marawá ''(†)'' :::: 21. Baré :::: 22. Guinao (a.k.a. Ginao) ''(†)'' ::: b. Yavitero group :::: 23. Yavitero ''(†)'' :::: 24. Baniva ::: 25. Maipure ''(†)'' :: v. Manao ''(†)'' ::: 26. Manao ''(†)'' ::: 27. Kariaí ''(†)'' :: ''?'' unclassified Upper Amazon languages ::: 28. Waraikú ''(†)'' ::: 29. Yabaána (a.k.a. Yabaâna) ''(†)'' ::: 30. Wiriná ''(†)'' ::: 31. Shiriana (a.k.a. Xiriâna) : B. ''Maritime branch'' :: i. Aruán ::: 32. Aruán ''(†)'' :: ii. Wapishana ::: 33. Wapixana (a.k.a. Wapishana) (dialects: Atorada (aka Atoraí), Mapidian (aka Maopidyán), Wapishana) :: iii. Ta-Maipurean ::: 34. Taíno (a.k.a. Taino) ''(†)'' ::: a. Guajiro group (a.k.a. Wahiro) :::: 35. Guajiro (a.k.a. Wahiro, Wayuu) :::: 36. Paraujano (a.k.a. Parauhano) ::: 37. Arawak (a.k.a. Arawák) ::: b. Iñeri group (a.k.a. Inyeri language area) :::: 38. Kalhíphona (a.k.a. Island Carib ) ''(†)'' :::: 39. Garífuna (a.k.a. Black Carib) : C. ''Eastern branch'' :: i. Palikur ::: 40. Palikur (a.k.a. Palikúr) ::: 41. Marawán - Karipurá ''(†)'' Southern Maipurean II. Southern Maipurean : A. ''Western branch'' :: 42. Amuesha (a.k.a. Amoesha, Yanesha’) :: 43. Chamicuro (a.k.a. Chamikuro) : B. ''Central branch'' :: i. Paresí group ::: 44. Peresí (a.k.a. Perecís) ::: 45. Saraveca (a.k.a. Sarave) ''(†)'' :: ii. Waurá group ::: 46. Waurá - Meinaku (a.k.a. Waurá-Mehináku) ::: 47. Yawalpití (a.k.a. Yawalapití) ::: 48. Custenau (a.k.a. Kustenau) ''(†)'' : C. ''Southern Outlier branch'' :: i. Terena ::: 49. Terena (a.k.a. Terêna) (dialects: Kinikinao, Terena, Guaná (aka Guana), Chané) :: ii. Mojo group (a.k.a. Moho) ::: a. Mojo language area :::: 50. Ignaciano :::: 51. Trinitario ::: 52. Baure ::: 53. Paunaca (a.k.a. Pauna-Paikone) ''(†)'' :: iii. Piro group ::: 54. Piro (a.k.a. Mashco Piro) (dialects: Chontaquiro (aka Yine), Maniteneri (aka Machinere), Mashineri (aka Maxinéri)) ::: 55. Inapari (ak.a. Iñapari) ''(†)'' ::: 56. Kanamaré ''(†)'' ::: 57. Apuriná (a.k.a. Apurinã) : D. ''Campa branch'' (a.k.a. Kampa) :: 58. Ashéninga (a.k.a. Ashéninka) (dialects: Ucayali (aka Ucayali-Yurúa), Upper Perené, Pichis, Apurucayali (aka Ajyíninka Apurucayali)) :: 59. Asháninga (a.k.a. Asháninka) :: 60. Machiguenga (a.k.a. Matsigenga) (dialects: Caquinte, Machiguenga) SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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