--- Pastoral Nomadism — all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.
--- Transhumance or Agro-pastoralism — part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village.
--- Ranch agriculture — non-nomadic pastoralism with a defined territory
Alternative ends : people devote their time, resources, and energy to five broad categories of ends — subsistence, replacement, social, ceremonial, and rent.
--- Potlatching — a widely studied ritual in which sponsors (helped by their entourages) gave away resources and manufactured wealth while generating prestige for themselves.
