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This is a list of the Monarch s of England , Scotland , Ireland , Great Britain and the United Kingdom , that is, the monarchs on the Throne s of some of the various Kingdoms that have existed in the British Isles , namely:


In 1328 , on the death of the French King , Charles IV , Edward III (nephew of Charles IV) claimed the French Throne . English monarchs, and subsequently British monarchs, then styled themselves King of France or Queen of France until the Act Of Union 1800 , which led to the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801 . By then France had been a Republic for ten years. (See English Kings Of France .) Since 1559 English monarchs, and subsequently British monarchs, have also had the title Supreme Governor Of The Church Of England . Note that the numbering of English monarchs starts afresh after 1066 (although this affects only the Edwards).

All Scottish monarchs held the title King Of Scots or Queen of Scots, with the exception of the last three: Mary II, William III and Anne I used the style "of Scotland" rather than "of Scots".

To see the rulers of the small kingdoms which existed before the formation of England , Scotland or Wales , see:




Complications over Title and Style

, united the Crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in a Personal Union , later merged into a single Kingdom Of Great Britain by the Act Of Union 1707 .]]

Royal titles are complicated because in some cases names of kingdoms are used that did not officially come into existence until later, or came into existence earlier without immediate adoption of the royal title.

  • For example, in October 1604, one year after James VI of Scotland had become King of England, he decreed that the Royal Title would use the term ''Great Brittaine'' to refer to the "one Imperiall Crowne" made up of England and Scotland {Link without Title} . However using that title is problematic because the 'state' of Great Britain was not created until the Act Of Union 1707 . Nor was the united crown generally referred to as 'imperial'. To avoid confusion, historians in general thus refer to all monarchs up to 1707 as monarchs of England and Scotland. Thus James II Of England was also James VII of Scotland; and William III Of England was also William II of Scotland. Many English and British monarchs also claimed France as part of their official title, though this had no reality in substance. After the Union, the ordinal has been the English number (for "George", "Edward" and "Elizabeth") and, until recently, there was no formal rule (see List Of Regnal Numerals Of Future British Monarchs ).


  • In different documents, the terms ''Kingdom of Great Britain'' and ''United Kingdom of Great Britain'' feature, even documents as official as the Act Of Union 1707 . Most historians presume the ''United'' was meant to be descriptive, indicating a union as a form of unity by marriage rather than coercion. For clarity and because the ''United'' is far more strongly associated with the later name United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland produced in the Act Of Union 1800 , the 1707 Kingdom is generally referred to as the Kingdom Of Great Britain .



The list of monarchs below cannot be exhaustive. Succession to the many thrones often did not pass smoothly from parent to child; lack of heirs, civil wars, murders and invasions affected the inheritance in ways that a simple list does not show.
The relationships that formed the basis for claims to throne are noted where we know them, and the dates of reign indicated.


Monarchs




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Mnemonics

A useful rhyme for memorising the names of the English and UK monarchs since the Norman Conquest in chronological order (by year ruled) as well as a version was featured in part in the movie '' King Ralph '':



Notes



See also



References