__NOTOC__
- Marc Aaronson ( USA , 1950 – 1987 )
- George Ogden Abell ( USA , 1927 – 1983 )
- Antonio Abetti ( Italy , 1846 – 1928 )
- Giorgio Abetti ( Italy , 1882 – 1982 )
- Charles Greeley Abbot ( USA , 1872 – 1973 )
- Charles Hitchcock Adams ( USA , 1868 – 1951 )
- John Couch Adams ( UK , 1819 – 1892 )
- Walter Sydney Adams ( USA , 1876 – 1956 )
- Saul Adelman ( USA , ( 1944 -)
- Agrippa ( Greek , ''unknown'' – 92 )
- Paul Oswald Ahnert ( Germany , 1897 – 1989 )
- Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs ( Germany , 1912 – 1954 )
- George Biddell Airy , ( England , 1801 – 1892 )
- Robert Aitken , ( USA , 1864 – 1951 )
- Al Battani ( Iraq , 850 – 929 )
- Albategnius ''(see Al-Batani)''
- Vladimir Aleksandrovich Albitzky ( Russia )
- Albumasar ( Persia 787 - 886 )
- George Alcock ( UK , 1913 – 2000 )
- Harold Alden ( USA , 1890 – 1964 )
- Hannes Alfvén ( Sweden , 1908 – 1995 )
- Lawrence H. Aller ( USA , 1913 – 2003 )
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi , ( Persia , 903 – 986 )
- Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian , ( Armenia , 1912 – 1996 )
- John August Anderson , ( USA , 1876 – 1959 )
- Andronicus Of Cyrrhus
- Anders Jonas Ångström ( Sweden , 1814 – 1874 )
- Eugène Michel Antoniadi ( Greece , France , 1870 – 1944 )
- Petrus Apianus ( Germany , 1495 – 1557 )
- François Arago ( France , 1786 – 1853 )
- Sylvain Arend ( Belgium , 1902 – 1992 )
- Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander ( Germany , 1799 – 1875 )
- Aristarchus Of Samos , circa 310 BC – circa 230 BC )
- Christoph Arnold ( Germany , 1650 – 1695 )
- Svante Arrhenius ( Sweden , 1859 – 1927 )
- Arzachel (Muslim Spain, 1028 – 1087 )
- Goryu Asada ( Japan , 1734 – 1799 )
- Giuseppe Asclepi ( Italy , 1706 – 1776 )
- Joseph Ashbrook ( USA , April 4 1918 – August 4 1980 )
- Arthur Auwers ( Germany , 1838 – 1915 )
- Adrien Auzout ( France , 1622 – 1691 )
- Walter Baade ( Germany , 1893 – 1960 )
- Harold D. Babcock ( USA , 1882 – 1968 )
- Horace W. Babcock ( USA , 1912 – 2003 )
- Oskar Backlund ( Sweden , 1846 – 1916 )
- John N. Bahcall ( USA , 1934 – 2005)
- John E. Baldwin ( UK , 1934 – )
- Benjamin Baillaud ( France , 1848 – 1934 )
- Jean Sylvain Bailly ( France , 1736 – 1793 )
- Francis Baily ( UK , 1774 – 1844 )
- John Bainbridge ( UK , 1582 – 1643 )
- Sallie Baliunas ( USA , 1953 – )
- Benjamin Banneker ( USA , 1731 – 1806 )
- Edward Emerson Barnard ( USA , 1857 – 1923 )
- Johann Bayer ( Germany , 1572 – 1625 )
- Antonín Bečvář ( Slovakia , 1901 – 1965 )
- Wilhelm Beer ( Germany , 1797 – 1850 )
- Sergei Ivanovich Belyavsky ( Russia , 1883 – 1953 )
- Jocelyn Bell Burnell ( Ireland , 1943 – )
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel ( Germany , 1784 – 1846 )
- Wilhelm Freiherr Von Biela ( Austria , 1782 – 1856 )
- Ludwig Biermann ( Germany , 1907 – 1986 )
- Guillaume Bigourdan ( France , 1851 – 1932 )
- Biruni ( Persia 973 - 1048 )
- Adriaan Blaauw ( Netherlands , 1914 – )
- Nathaniel Bliss ( UK , 1700 – 1764 )
- Johann Elert Bode ( Germany , 1747 – 1826 )
- Alfred Bohrmann ( Germany , 1904 – 2000 )
- Bart Bok ( Netherlands , 1906 – 1983 )
- Charles Thomas Bolton ( USA , 1943 – )
- John Gatenby Bolton ( UK , Australia , 1922 – 1993 )
- William Cranch Bond ( USA , 1789 – 1859 )
- Alphonse Borrelly ( France , 1842 – 1926 )
- Rudjer Boscovich ( Dalmatia , 1711 – 1787 )
- Lewis Boss ( USA , 1846 – 1912 )
- Rychard Bouwens ( USA , 1972 – )
- Alexis Bouvard ( France , 1767 – 1843 )
- Edward (Ted) L. G. Bowell ( USA )
- Ira Sprague Bowen ( USA , 1898 – 1973 )
- Louis Boyer ( France )
- Ronald N. Bracewell ( Australia , USA , 1921 – )
- James Bradley ( England , 1693 – 1762 )
- Tycho Brahe ( Denmark , 1546 – 1601 )
- John Alfred Brashear ( USA , 1840 – 1920 )
- William Robert Brooks ( USA , 1844 – 1922 )
- Theodor Brorsen ( Denmark , 1819 – 1895 )
- Dirk Brouwer ( Netherlands – USA , 1902 – 1966 )
- Ernest William Brown ( UK , 1866 – 1938 )
- Michael (Mike) E. Brown ( USA )
- Ismael Bullialdus ( France , 1605 – 1694 )
- James Steven Bullock ( USA , 1971 – )
- Margaret Burbidge ( UK , 1919 – )
- Robert Burnham, Jr. ( USA , 1931 – 1993 )
- Sherburne Wesley Burnham ( 1838 – 1921 )
- Schelte J. Bus ( USA )
- William Wallace Campbell ( USA , 1862 – 1938 )
- Annie Jump Cannon ( USA , 1863 – 1941 )
- Luigi Carnera ( Italy , 1875 – 1962 )
- Edwin Francis Carpenter ( USA , 1898 – 1963 )
- James Carpenter ( UK , 1840 – 1899 )
- Richard Christopher Carrington ( UK , 1826 – 1875 )
- Sir John Carroll ( UK , 1899 – 1974 )
- César-François Cassini De Thury ( France , 1714 – 1784 )
- Dominique, Comte De Cassini ( France , 1748 – 1845 )
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini a.k.a. Jean-Dominique Cassini ( France , 1625 – 1712 )
- Jacques Cassini ( France , 1677 – 1756 )
- Bonaventura Cavalieri ( Italy , 1598 – 1647 )
- Anders Celsius , ( 1701 – 1744 )
- Vincenzo Cerulli , ( Italy , 1859 – 1927 )
- Jean Chacornac ( France , 1823 – 1873 )
- James Challis ( UK , 1803 – 1882 )
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ( India , USA , 1910 – 1995 )
- Carl Charlier ( Sweden , 1862 – 1934 )
- Auguste Charlois ( France , 1864 – 1910 )
- Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh ( Russia ?, Ukraine )
- Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh ( Russia , Ukraine , 1931 – )
- James Christy ( USA , 1938 – )
- Edwin Foster Coddington ( USA , 1870 – 1950 )
- Jérôme Eugène Coggia ( France , 1849 – 1919 )
- Josep Comas Solá ( Spain )
- Andrew Ainslie Common ( UK , 1841 – 1903 )
- E. J. Cooper ( Ireland , 1798 – 1863 )
- Nicolaus Copernicus ( Poland , 1473 – 1543 )
- Pablo Cottenot ( France )
- Heather Couper ( UK )
- Arthur Edwin Covington ( Canada , 1914 – 2001 )
- Philip Herbert Cowell ( UK , 1870 – 1949 )
- Thomas George Cowling ( UK , 1906 – 1990 )
- Andrew Claude De La Cherois Crommelin ( UK , 1865 – 1939 )
- Heber Doust Curtis ( USA , 1872 – 1942 )
- Jacques Eugène D'Allonville ( France , 1671 – 1732 )
- Andre Louis Danjon ( France , 1890 – 1967 )
- Heinrich D'Arrest ( Germany , 1822 – 1875 )
- George Howard Darwin ( UK , 1845 – 1912 )
- William Rutter Dawes ( UK , 1799 – 1868 )
- Bernard Dawson ( Argentina , 1890 – 1960 )
- Leo De Ball ( Germany , Austria , 1853 – 1916 )
- Henri Debehogne ( Belgium )
- Annibale De Gasparis ( Italy , 1819 – 1892 )
- Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre ( France , 1749 – 1822 )
- Charles-Eugène Delaunay ( France , 1816 – 1872 )
- Eugène Joseph Delporte ( Belgium , 1882 – 1955 )
- Audrey Delsanti
- William Frederick Denning ( UK , 1848 – 1931 )
- Alíz Derekas ( Hungary , 1977 – )
- Willem De Sitter ( Netherlands , 1872 – 1934 )
- Henri-Alexandre Deslandres ( France , 1853 – 1948 )
- Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch ( Russia )
- Gérard De Vaucouleurs ( France , USA , 1918 – 1995 )
- Robert Dicke ( USA , 1916 – 1997 )
- Terence Dickinson , ( Canada ), astronomer and author
- Thomas Digges ( England , 1546 – 1595 )
- Herbert Dingle ( USA , 1890 – 1978 )
- Andrea Di Paola ( Italy )
- John Dobson ( 1915 – )
- Franjo Dominko , ( Slovenia , 1903 – 1987 )
- Giovanni Battista Donati , ( Italy , 1826 – 1873 )
- Frank Drake ( USA , 1930 – )
- Henry Draper ( USA , 1837 – 1882 )
- John Dreyer ( Ireland , 1852 – 1926 )
- Alexander D. Dubyago ( Russia ), 1903 – 1959 )
- Dmitrij I. Dubyago ( Russia ), 1850 – 1918 )
- Jean C. B. Dufay ( France , 1896 – 1967 )
- Raymond Smith Dugan ( USA , 1878 – 1940 )
- Frank Watson Dyson ( UK , 1868 – 1939 )
- Arthur Eddington ( England , 1882 – 1944 )
- Frank K. Edmondson , ( USA ), (born 1912 )
- Olin J. Eggen ( USA , 1919 – 1998 )
- Eise Eisinga ( Netherlands , 1744 – 1828 )
- Eric Elst ( Belgium )
- Johann Franz Encke ( Germany , 1791 – 1865 )
- Eratosthenes ( Alexandria , 276 BC – 194 BC )
- Emil Ernst (Ph.D. Germany )
- Ernest Esclangon , ( France , 1876 – 1954 )
- Larry W. Esposito ( USA )
- Eudoxus ( Cnidus , circa 408 BC – circa 347 BC )
- David Fabricius ( Netherlands , 1564 – 1617 )
- Sandra M. Faber ( USA , 1945 -)
- Johannes Fabricius ( Netherlands , 1587 – 1615 )
- Hervé Faye ( 1814 – 1902 )
- Charles Fehrenbach ( France , 1914 – )
- Farghani ( Persia , d. after 861 )
- James Ferguson ( USA , 1797 – 1867 )
- Erwin Finlay-Freundlich ( 1885 – 1964 )
- Axel Firsoff ( UK , 1910 – 1981 )
- J. Richard Fisher
- Camille Flammarion ( France , 1842 – 1925 )
- Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion ( France , 1867 – 1962 )
- John Flamsteed , ( England , 1646 – 1719 )
- Honoré Flaugergues ( France , 1755 – 1835 )
- Williamina Fleming ( USA , 1857 – 1911 )
- Wilhelm Julius Foerster ( Germany , 1832 – 1921 )
- Alfred Fowler ( UK , 1868 – 1940 )
- William Alfred Fowler ( USA , 1911 – 1995 )
- Philip Fox ( USA , 1878 – 1944 )
- Herbert Friedman ( USA , 1916 – )
- Dirk D. Frimout , ( Belgium , 1941 – ), engineer and cosmonaut
- Edwin Brant Frost ( USA , 1866 – 1935 )
- Galileo Galilei ( Italy , 1564 – 1642 )
- Julio Garavito Armero
- Johann Gottfried Galle ( Germany , 1812 – 1910 )
- George Gamow ( Russia , USA , 1904 – 1968 )
- Carl Friedrich Gauss ( Germany , 1777 – 1855 )
- Tom Gehrels ( Netherlands , USA , 1925 – )
- Andrea Ghez ( USA )
- Riccardo Giacconi ( Italy , 1931 – )
- Michel Giacobini ( France , 1873 – 1938 )
- Henry Lee Giclas ( USA )
- David Gill ( UK , 1843 – 1914 )
- Thomas Gold ( USA , 1920 – 2004 )
- Leo Goldberg ( USA , 1913 – 1987 )
- Peter Goldreich ( USA , 1939 – )
- Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt ( Germany , 1802 – 1866 )
- Paul Goldsmith ( USA , 1948 – )
- François Gonnessiat ( France , 1856 – 1934 )
- John Goodricke ( UK , 1764 – 1786 )
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani ( Persia , 9th century)
- Paul Götz ( Germany )
- Benjamin Apthorp Gould ( USA , 1824 – 1896 )
- Andrew Graham ( Ireland , 1815 – 1907 )
- Charles Green ( England , 1735 – 1771 )
- Jesse Greenstein ( USA , 1909 – 2002 )
- Bengt Gustafsson , ( Sweden )
- Alan Harvey Guth ( USA , 1947 – )
- Yusuke Hagihara ( Japan , 1897 – 1979 )
- George Ellery Hale ( USA , 1868 – 1938 )
- Asaph Hall ( USA , 1829 – 1907 )
- Edmond Halley ( England , 1656 – 1742 )
- Peter Andreas Hansen ( December 8 , 1795 – March 28 1874 )
- Abulfazl Harawi ( Persia , 10th century)
- Karl Ludwig Harding ( Germany , 1765 – 1834 )
- Thomas Hariot ( UK , 1560 – 1621 )
- Guillermo Haro ( Mexico , 1913 – 1988 )
- Robert G. Harrington ( USA )
- Robert Sutton Harrington ( USA , 1942 – 1993 )
- William Kenneth Hartmann ( USA , 1939 – )
- Stephen Hawking ( UK , 1942 – )
- Will Hay ( UK , 1888 - 1949 )
- Otto Hermann Leopold Heckmann ( Germany , 1901 – 1983 )
- Joseph Helffrich ( Germany )
- Eleanor Helin ( USA )
- Maximilian Hell ( Austria-Hungary , 1720 – 1792 )
- Karl Ludwig Hencke ( Germany , 1793 – 1866 )
- Thomas Henderson ( Scotland , 1798 – 1844 )
- Paul Henry ( France , 1848 – 1905 )
- Prosper Henry ( France , 1849 – 1903 )
- George Howard Herbig ( USA , 1920 – )
- Caroline Herschel ( UK , 1750 – 1848 )
- John Herschel ( UK , 1792 – 1871 )
- William Herschel ( UK , 1738 – 1822 )
- Ejnar Hertzsprung ( Denmark , 1873 – 1967 )
- Johannes Hevelius ( Poland , 1611 – 1687 )
- Antony Hewish ( UK , 1924 – )
- George William Hill ( USA , 1838 – 1914 )
- John Russell Hind ( UK , 1823 – 1895 )
- Frederick Hinkle ( UK , – )
- Hipparchus ( Nicaea , circa 190 BC – 120 BC )
- Kiyotsugu Hirayama ( Japan , 1874 – 1943 )
- Shin Hirayama ( Japan , 1868 – 1945 )
- Gustave-Adolphe Hirn ( France , 1815 – 1890 )
- Cuno Hoffmeister ( Germany , 1892 – 1968
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