Lagrange's Four-square Theorem Article Index for
Lagrange's
Website Links For
Theorem
 

Information About

Lagrange's Four-square Theorem




It states that every Positive Integer can be expressed as the sum of four squares of integers. For example,

:31 = 52 + 22 + 12 + 12
:310 = 172 + 42 + 22 + 12.

More formally, for every positive integer n there exist non-negative integers a,b,c,d such that

n


Adrien-Marie Legendre improved on the theorem in 1798 by stating that a positive integer can be expressed as the sum of three squares Iff it is not of the form 4''k''(8''m'' + 7). His proof was incomplete, leaving a gap which was later filled by Carl Friedrich Gauss .

In 1834 , Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi found an exact formula for the total number of ways a given positive
integer ''n'' can be represented as the sum of four squares. This number is eight times the sum of the Divisor s of ''n'' if ''n'' is odd and 24 times the sum of the odd divisors of ''n'' if ''n'' is even.

Lagrange's four-square theorem is a special case of the Fermat Polygonal Number Theorem and Waring's Problem .


SEE ALSO



REFERENCES



EXTERNAL LINKS