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John Wesley Hardin




John Wesley Hardin ( May 26 , 1853August 19 , 1895 ) was a well-known Outlaw and Gunfighter in late 19th-century Texas . He was reputed to be the meanest man alive, an accolade he supposedly earned by killing a man for snoring. He admitted to killing more than 40 men over 27 years.


BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS


Born in Bonham, Texas , to James G. Hardin (a Methodist preacher) and Elizabeth Hardin, he grew up during the trying times of the American Civil War and Reconstruction . At the age of 15, Hardin committed his first murder, the shooting of a black man. After admitting this crime to his father, he was urged by his family to flee. His killing spree began in earnest in his flight, during which he claimed to have killed at least one Union soldier and possibly more. Surfacing on the Chisholm Trail , Hardin continued killing men over all manner of personal disagreements. He famously claimed that he never killed a man that didn't need killing.

In May of Brown County , for which he was relentlessly pursued. John Barclay Armstrong , a Texas Ranger known as "McNelly's Bulldog" since he served with the Special Force of the Texas Rangers as a sergeant and Captain Leander H. McNelly 's right hand, asked for permission to arrest the gunman, which was granted. Pursuing Hardin across Alabama and into Florida , Armstrong caught up with Hardin in Pensacola .

After Armstrong boarded a train that Hardin and four companions were on, with his Colt revolver in hand, the outlaw shouted, "Texas, by God!" and attempted to draw his own pistol, but it became stuck in his clothing. When it was over, one of his gang members was killed and his three surviving friends were staring at Armstrong’s pistol. Hardin had been knocked unconscious. Armstrong's hat had been neatly pierced by a bullet, but he was uninjured. Hardin was tried for murder, convicted, and sentenced to 25 years in prison. Seventeen years later, Hardin was pardoned by Governor Jim Hogg and released from prison on March 16 , 1894 . He moved to El Paso , where he began practicing law. On August 19 , 1895 , he was shot in the back of the head and murdered in the middle of a dice game at the Acme Saloon by John Selman over a personal disagreement. Hardin had hired the killer to assassinate a man, because he was having an affair with his wife, and had not paid the hitman for his service.

An experienced gunfighter later said of Hardin's murder "If he was shot in the head by the front, that is good marksmanship, if he was shot in the head by the back, that is good judgement."

After his death, an Autobiography was released containing Hardin's accounts of many of his murders.


THE FOLK FIGURE


  • An American Folk Song describes his activities with a folk hero patina. A version of the song was recorded by Bob Dylan as " John Wesley Harding " (with a ''G'' added to the name), the title song of one of his Album s.


  • Johnny Cash wrote and recorded a song about Hardin entitled "Hardin Wouldn't Run". It relates some of the true events of Hardin's life, including his murder at the Acme Saloon. Most song and movie accounts, though, go beyond the truths into myths or outright untruths in order to glamorize him or the gunfighter who kills him. For example, his character, many of the myths intact as well as having some new myths created for sensationalism, has appeared in popular movies such as ''Streets of Laredo''. Hardin was portrayed by actor Randy Quaid.





HARDIN AND THE LAW

  • Prior to his killing of Deputy Sherriff Brown in May 1874 and his July 23 , 1877 arrest, he had 3 confirmed clashes with the law.


  • On January 9 , 1871 he was arrested by Constable E.T. Stokes & 12 citizens in Harrison County, Texas on a charge of 4 murders and 1 horse theft. ( Texas State Police Arrest Reports for 1870 to 1871). The victims are not identified nor is it reported from whom the horse was stolen. He later claimed to have killed a guard and 3 men after escaping from custody after his arrest & also made another claim that in September 1871 he killed 1 man and wounded another {these six shootings were allegedly with members of the Texas State Police } and then forced a Negro Posse to flee back to Austin after having killed three of them - but evidence is lacking. The only mention of Hardin in Texas State Police records is the arrest report.




  • In several cases where he claimed to have been involved in killings, the reports either cannot be confirmed or prove to be nonexistent. For example:

  • --- his claims of having shot , 1868 ambush deaths of a 1st Sgt and a Private of the 6th U.S. Cavalry along with three Freemen at Sulpher Springs , Texas; what were described as "bands of desperadoes" were involved in a wounding on September 2 , 1868 of a Bugler of the 6th U.S. Cavalry ; likewise the Official Reports of the 5th Military District (Texas) has one report of two soldiers of the 6th U.S.Cavalry being killed September 23 , 1868 ; in none of these records is Hardin named as a suspect nor do they agree with his claims. {Note see entry on Cullen Baker & his gang of desperadoes near Sulpher Springs river-a possible connection between the killings listed in the US National Archives reports?}

  • --- his alleged killing of two Pinkerton National Detective Agency Agents sometime between April and November 1876 never happened. (Letter from Pinkerton Archives)



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