Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)

The Jīn Dynasty (- 1234 ), also known as the '''Jurchen dynasty''', was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) Clan of the Jurchen , the ancestors of the Manchu s who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. The name is sometimes written as ''Jinn'' to differentiate it from an earlier Jìn Dynasty of China whose name is spelled identically in the Roman alphabet. Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see Clarification Here ).

Founded in 1115 in northern Manchuria , it successfully annihilated in 1125 the Liao Dynasty which had held sway over northern China, including Manchuria and part of the Mongol region for several centuries. On January 9 , 1127 Jin forces ransacked Kaifeng , capital of the Northern Song Dynasty , capturing both Emperor Qinzong , and his father, Emperor Huizong , who had abdicated in panic in the face of Jin forces. Following the fall of Kaifeng, Song forces under the leadership of the succeeding Southern Song Dynasty continued to fight for over a decade with Jin forces, eventually signing a peace treaty in 1141 , and ceding all of North China to the Jin in 1142 in return for peace.

After taking over North China, the Jin Dynasty became increasingly Sinicized, moving its capital from Huining Fu in northern Manchuria (south of present-day Harbin ) to Zhongdu (now Beijing ). Starting from the early 13th Century the Jin Dynasty began to feel the pressure of Mongol s from the north. In 1214 the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng (the old Song capital) to evade the Mongols; but under the forces of the Mongols led by Ögedei Khan , third son of Genghis Khan , as well as their allies in the Southern Song Dynasty , the dynasty crumbled in 1234 .

In 1616 , Manchu s under the leadership of Nurhaci established the Later Jin Dynasty, taking its name from this dynasty. Later Jin was renamed the Qing Dynasty in 1636 , and went on to become the last dynasty of Imperial China.

(1) Quite long and thus not used when referring to this sovereign.

(2) Did not exist

See also: Puxian Wannu

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Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)