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Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20 , 1928 ) is a controversial French politician. He is the president of the Far-right Front National party. Le Pen is known for advocating controversial and extremist policies, possibly including the reinstatement of the Death Penalty ; strong restrictions on Immigration to France from countries outside Europe; and withdrawal or at least far greater independence from the European Union . Jean-Marie Le Pen has, at times, made remarks considered to be Racist and Antisemitic , such as deporting all irregular migrants from France, and that the killing of Jews in gas chambers was a mere detail of history. He has run in several French presidential elections, qualifying for the second-round of the 2002 Election , where he challenged current president Jacques Chirac . His victory in the first round of the 2002 presidential elections was considered not as public approval of his policies, but rather as a vote of no-confidence against the establishment. BIOGRAPHY Le Pen was born at La Trinité-sur-Mer , a small Breton harbour, as the son of a fisherman. Le Pen was Orphan ed as an adolescent; his father's boat was blown up by a mine. Nowadays he is a wealthy businessman, mostly because of a large inheritance received in 1977 from a political supporter. Le Pen studied Political Science and Law , and was at one time the president of an association of law students in Paris . His graduate studies thesis, presented in 1971 by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Jean-Loup Vincent , is entitled ''Le courant anarchiste en France depuis 1945'' or "The anarchist movement in France since 1945". From his first marriage (June 29, 1960 - 1985 or 1986) to Pierrette Lalanne, he has three daughters and nine granddaughters. The youngest of his daughters, Marine Le Pen , is a ranking officer of the Front National . On May 31, 1991, Jean-Marie Le Pen married Jeanne-Marie Paschos ("Jany"). Born in 1933, JM Paschos was previously married to Belgian businessman Jean Garnier. Pascho's father was a Greek merchant, and her mother is partly of Dutch descent. POLITICAL CAREER A decorated veteran of the French Paratroops in Indochina ( 1953 ), Suez ( 1956 ), and Algeria ( 1957 ), Le Pen started his political career in Toulouse when he became the head of the students union. In 1953 he called Vincent Auriol , President of the Republic at the time, and by using his former status he got approval for a volunteer rescue project to carry out disaster relief after a Flood in the Netherlands . Within two days there were forty volunteers from his university, a group that would go on to help victims of an earthquake in Italy. In Paris , 1956 , he became the youngest member of the French National Assembly , with the party of Pierre Poujade . In 1957 , he became the General Secretary of the National Front Of Combatants (FNC) as well as the first French politician to present a candidate of Muslim confession, Ahmed Djebbour, and to achieve his election. The next year, he was re-elected as deputy to the National Assembly and adhered to the parliamentary party National Centre Of Independents And Peasants (CNIP), led by Antoine Pinay . During this period, Le Pen actively followed issues of the war and defense budget. In 1965 Le Pen became the director of the presidential campaign of Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour . In 1972 , he founded the Nationalist , Far-right party '' Front National ''. The electoral results of the ''Front National'' have been on the rise since the municipal elections of 1983 . In 1984 and 1999 Le Pen won a seat in the European Parliament . He was deprived of his seat by the European Court Of Justice on April 10 , 2003 for physically assaulting another candidate. In 1992 and 1998 he was elected to the Regional council of Provence-Alpes-Côte D'Azur . His political career has been most successful in the south of France. Le Pen ran in the French presidential elections in 1974 , 1988 , 1995 and 2002 . In the Presidential Elections Of 2002 , Le Pen obtained 16.86% of the votes in the first round of voting. This was enough to qualify him for the second round, as a result of the poor showing by the Socialist candidate and incumbent prime-minister Lionel Jospin and the scattering of votes among fifteen other candidates. This was a major political event, both nationally and internationally, as it was the first time a far right-wing candidate had qualified for the second round of the French presidential elections. There was a widespread stirring of national public opinion, and more than one million people in France took part in street rallies, in an expression of fierce opposition to Le Pen's ideas. Le Pen was then soundly defeated in the second round when incumbent president Jacques Chirac obtained 82% of the votes. In the 2004 Regional Elections , Jean-Marie Le Pen intended to run for office in the Provence-Alpes-Côte D'Azur '' Région '' but was prevented from doing so because he did not meet the conditions for being a voter in that region: he neither lived there, nor was registered as a taxpayer there. Le Pen complained of a government plot to prevent him from running. Some argue that this event was merely a scheme of Le Pen's to avoid defeat in the election. Much of the media consider the National Front and Le Pen to be far-right. Le Pen disputes the far-right qualification; at times, he has declared that his party was "neither Right, neither Left, but French"; at other times, he has stated that his party was right-wing and that the French parties generally considered to be right-wing were not truly so. He claims that most of the French political and media class are corrupt and out of touch with the real needs of the common people, and conspire to exclude Le Pen and his party from mainstream politics. In recent years, Le Pen has tried to soften his image, with mixed success. He has maneuvered his daughter Marine into a prominent position, a move that angered many inside the National Front, concerned with the grip of the Le Pen family on the party. CONTROVERSY See National Front for a summary of Le Pen's political proposals. Le Pen is a controversial figure in France, but he consistently receives about 15%-18% of the vote. Opinions regarding Le Pen tend to be quite strong; a 2002 top the unfavorable ratings, with 74% and 75% respectively. As described above, at the 2002 French Presidential Election , Jean-Marie Le Pen reached the second round of balloting. On May 1st , millions of people walked the streets protesting in opposition to Le Pen, in an unprecedented move against a presidential candidate. Le Pen was then soundly defeated at the second round, with voters from the whole political spectrum, aside National Front voters, voting for his opponent Jacques Chirac — including a high proportion of voters who did not support Chirac, and even those who disliked him. Slogans such as "vote for the crook, not the fascist" were heard. Le Pen and the National Front are described by all commentators except those from the Front to be Far Right . Le Pen himself disagrees with this label. Earlier on, Le Pen described his position as "Neither left nor right, but French" (''Ni droite, ni gauche, français''). He later described his position as right-wing, opposed to the "socialo-communists" (and other right-wing parties, which he deems are not real right-wing parties). Le Pen criticizes the other political parties as the " Establishment " and lumped all major parties ( PC , PS , UDF , RPR ) into the "Gang of Four" (''la bande des quatre'' — an allusion to the Gang Of Four during China 's Cultural Revolution ). Le Pen has been severely criticized by the media ( See CNN comments on political progress in 2002 ) at home and abroad for his perceived Xenophobia and Anti-Semitism . This perception is based on a string of remarks that Le Pen has made over the years, and positions he has taken, as well as Le Pen's acquaintance with former Nazis and Vichy France officials. As an example:
In April 2000 he was suspended from the European Parliament following prosecution for the physical Assault of Socialist candidate Annette Peulvast-Bergeal during the 1997 general election. This ultimately led to him losing his seat in the European parliament in 2003 . It is also allegeded that he practiced Torture in Algeria . Although War Crimes committed during the Algerian War Of Independence are Amnestied in France , this was publicised by the Newspaper s '' Le Canard Enchainé '' and '' Libération '' and by Michel Rocard (ex- Prime Minister ) on TV ( TF1 1993 ). Le Pen sued the papers and Michel Rocard. This affair ended in 2000 when the " Cour De Cassation " (French supreme jurisdiction) concluded that it was legitimate to publish these assertions. However, because of the amnesty and Prescription , there can be no further criminal proceedings against Le Pen for the crimes he is alleged to have committed in Algeria. Jean-Marie Le Pen has been criticized for his connections to figures associated with the Nazis , Vichy France or the '' Organisation Armée Secrète '' {Link without Title} , including:
On December 5 , 1997 , during a public meeting with the Leader of the German Republican Party, TV personality Franz Schönhuber in Munich , he reiterated that "the gas chambers constituted a detail in the history of the Second World War". A Jewish reporter instigated a hate-crime charge against Le Pen for this comment and he appeared before a judge on December 26 in Nanterre in this respect. The judge clearly did not think the matter of great importance because the fine he imposed upon Le Pen was just One Franc. Le Pen supporters applaud his (FPO), which itself won international opprobrium in 1999 after entering government on a Populist platform similar to Le Pen's." Critics sometimes attribute Le Pen's political success in southern France to economic concerns and mounting racial tensions, especially against the Arab Community . Le Pen's success in the first round of the 2002 French Presidential Election - he finished second, but ultimately lost by a wide margin in the second round against incumbent president Jacques Chirac - is generally explained by the impatience of the French electorate with respect to the reduction of Crime . The electoral campaign had largely been focused on an alleged burst of criminality in the recent years. Le Pen advocates tough law-and-order policies. Another factor in his success is his Anti-establishment posture. Le Pen denounces the control that the main political parties ( UMP and PS , which he groups as "UMPS") have on French political life. He argues that these parties are ineffective and Corrupt (see Corruption Scandals In The Paris Region ). Le Pen's recurrent verbal excesses have led some in his own party to distance themselves from him. Bruno Mégret left the National Front to found his own party, claiming that Le Pen kept the Front away from the possibility of gaining power. Mégret wanted to emulate Gianfranco Fini 's success in Italy by making it possible for right-wing parties to ally themselves with the Front, but claimed that Le Pen's attitude and outrageous speech prevented this. Le Pen's daughter Marine leads an internal movement of the Front that wants to "normalize" the National Front, "de- Enclave " it, have a "culture of government" etc.; however, she is now out of favor with Le Pen. ''( Le Canard Enchaîné , March 9, 2005). NOTES 1 "SIDA" = ''Syndrome D'Immunodéficience Acquise'', the French name for AIDS . "Sidaïque" is a word coined by Le Pen, meaning "person infected with AIDS" (the correct word in French is "sidéen" for a man and "sidéenne" for a woman). Sidaïque takes on a pejorative connotation. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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