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''Jana Gana Mana'' (; — "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People") is the National Anthem of India . Originally written in formal Bengali Language , it is the first of five stanzas of a poem composed by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore . First performed in 1911, ''Jana Gana Mana'' was officially adopted as the Indian national anthem in 1950. The musical score of the anthem was also created by Tagore . A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately 52 seconds. A shortened version consisting only the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. OFFICIAL LYRICS In Bengali script
In Devanagari script
In Roman script
Translation into English
CONTROVERSIES Controversy exists regarding the appropriateness of ''Jana Gana Mana'' as the national anthem of an independent India. The poem was composed in December 1911, precisely at the time of the Coronation Durbar of George V, and is a Paean in praise of "the overlord of India's destiny". The composition was first sung during a convention of the then loyalist Indian National Congress in Calcutta on Dec. 27, 1911. Rabindranath Tagore It was sung on the second day of the convention, and the agenda of that day devoted itself to a loyal welcome of George V on his visit to India. The event was reported thus in the Indian press:
However, many other newspapers did not make any connection between the Emperor and the song as there was another HIndi song at the congress that was indeed composed specifically for the King India: Are we still singing for the Empire? by Pradip Kumar Datta .The assumption gained ground that the poem had been written in honour of the visiting monarch. However, other explanations for the poem have been proposed. On a visit to India, The poet Yeats received a visit from an Indian admirer who was also, in Yeats' words, "an Indian devotee" of Tagore. In a letter to a lady friend, Yeats quoted this unnamed devotee as giving him a 'strictly off the records' version of events dealing with the writing of ''Jana Gana Mana''. That version, as presented in 1968 by the Indian Express newspaper, was this: "He (Tagore) got up very early in the morning and wrote a very beautiful poem.... When he came down, he said to one of us, 'Here is a poem which I have written. It is addressed to God, but give it to Congress people. It will please them." Genesis of Jana Gana Mana Thus, Tagore is said to have written the poem in honour of God. In a letter to Pulin Behari Sen, Tagore himself wrote: "A certain high official in His Majesty's service, who was also my friend, had requested that I write a song of felicitation towards the Emperor. The request simply amazed me. It caused a great stir in my heart. In response to that great mental turmoil, I pronounced the victory in Jana Gana Mana of that Bhagya Vidhata God of Destiny of India who has from age after age held steadfast the reins of India's chariot through rise and fall, through the straight path and the curved. That Lord of Destiny, that Reader of the Collective Mind of India, that Perennial Guide, could never be George V, George VI, or any other George. Even my official friend understood this about the song. After all, even if his admiration for the crown was excessive, he was not lacking in simple common sense." In 2005, there were calls to delete the word "Sindh" and substitute it with the word Kashmir . The argument was that Sindh was no longer a part of India, having become part of Pakistan as a result of the Partition of 1947. Opponents of this proposal hold that the word "Sindh" refers to the Indus and to Sindhi culture and people who are an integral part of India's cultural fabric. The Supreme Court Of India refused to tamper with the national anthem and the wording remains unchanged. SEE ALSO NOTES REFERENCES
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