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:''See also Israeli-Palestinian Conflict External References . BRITISH ERA November 2 , 1917 sends a letter to Lord Rothschild , President of the Zionist Federation , declaring his government's intent to establish "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine . December 9 , 1917 British forces occupy Jerusalem . January 18 1919 1919 Arab-Jewish Agreement at Paris Peace Conference, 1919 . April-June, 1920 Jerusalem Pogrom Of 1920 April 4 - 7 prompts the establishment of Haganah on June 15 , 1920 . May 1 -7, 1921 Jaffa Riots June 3 , 1922 The Churchill White Paper, 1922 clarifies the British position regarding Palestine. July 24 , 1922 The League Of Nations grants Britain a mandate to administer Palestine . 1928 - 1935 The activities of Black Hand (group) , led by Shaykh Izz Ad-Din Al-Qassam August 23 , 1929 Hebron Massacre Of 1929 October, 1930 Hope Simpson Royal Commission and Passfield White Paper were published, recommending to limit Jewish immigration. May 7 , 1936 — March 1939 The , declares a General Strike which rapidly deteriorates into a violent rebellion that lasts for three years. The mainstream Jewish defense organization, the Haganah , maintains a policy of restraint, but the smaller Irgun (also called Etzel) group adopts a policy of retaliation and revenge. Roughly 5000 Arabs and 400 Jews are killed. July 1937 The Peel Commission proposes a partition plan ( map ), rejected by the Arab leadership, the Jewish opinion remains divided; limits Jewish immigration to Palestine to 12,000 per year. April — August 1938 The , and reports in November that partition was impracticable. ( {Link without Title} ) February — March 17 , 1939 St. James Conference ends without making any progress as the Arab delegation refuses to recognize or meet with its Jewish counterpart. May 17 , 1939 The White Paper Of 1939 calls for the creation of a unified Palestinian state. Even though the White Paper states its commitment to the Balfour Declaration, it imposed very substantial limits to both Jewish immigration and their ability to purchase land. 1940 - 1949 Activities of Lehi (group) led by Avraham Stern , after 1942 - by a triumvirate, including Yitzhak Shamir UN RESOLUTION November 29 , 1947 The UN General Assembly passes a Partition Plan dividing the British Mandate Of Palestine into two states. CREATION OF ISRAEL May 14 , 1948 Israel declares Independence from British rule, before the expiration of the British Mandate Of Palestine at midnight. AFTER CREATION May 15 , 1948 Lebanon , Syria , Iraq , Egypt , Transjordan and local Arabs attack the new Jewish state. The resulting 1948 Arab-Israeli War lasts for 13 months. June 1948 Violent confrontation between the Israeli Defense Forces and the paramilitary Jewish group Etzel known as The Altalena Affair results in dismantlement of all Jewish extremist groups. April 1949 Israel concludes Armistice Agreements with neighbouring countries. The territory of the British Mandate Of Palestine is divided between the State of Israel, the Kingdom Of The Jordan , changed from Transjordan , and Egypt . 1953 Qibya Massacre HEADLINE TEXT October 29 , 1956 Israel invades Egypt 's Sinai Peninsula in secret alliance with France and Britain . The Kafr Qasim Massacre took place on the same day. March 1957 Israel withdraws its forces from the Sinai Peninsula , ending the Suez Crisis . February 3 , 1964 The Palestine Liberation Organization is founded in Cairo with Ahmad Shuqeiri as its leader. Even though Ahmad Shuqeiri is the official leader, the organization is more or less controlled by the Egypt ian government. SIX-DAY WAR June 1967 The Six-Day War . Israel launches what it describes as a pre-emptive strike against the Egyptian Air Force on suspicion that Egypt and Syria are planning to invade. Israel defeats the combined forces of Egypt, Syria and Jordan and captures the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, East Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. POST SIX-DAY WAR 1968 - 1970 Egypt wages the War Of Attrition against Israel. May 8 , 1970 Avivim School Bus Massacre September, 1970 After Black September In Jordan , the PLO was driven out to Lebanon . May 8 , 1972 Sabena airplane hijacked and liberated in Lod Airport May 30 , 1972 Lod Airport Massacre September 5 , 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli Olympic team by Black September (group) April 9 , 1973 Israeli commando raid against PLO targets in Beirut , the Lebanon ( Operation Spring Of Youth ) YOM KIPPUR WAR October 1973 The Yom Kippur War . Syria and Egypt attack Israeli forces in the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula . POST YOM KIPPUR WAR April 11 , 1974 Kiryat Shmona Massacre May 15 , 1974 Ma'alot Massacre March 4 , 1975 Savoy Operation July 4 , 1976 Operation Entebbe May 1977 Menachem Begin of the Likud Party is elected Prime Minister, ending nearly 30 years of rule by the Labour Party . March, 1978 Following the Coastal Road Massacre terrorist attack, Israel launches a limited-scope invasion of Lebanon ( Operation Litani ). September 17 , 1978 Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat sign the Camp David Accord , with Israel agreeing to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula and to a framework for future negotiation over the West Bank and Gaza Strip . LEBANON June 6 , 1982 Israel enters southern Lebanon . Israel claims the invasion was in order to remove PLO forces. See 1982 Invasion Of Lebanon . August 1983 The Israeli Army withdraws from most of Lebanon , maintaining a self-proclaimed "Security Zone" in the south. FIRST INTIFADA October 1987 The First Intifada begins. November 15 , 1988 An independent State Of Palestine was proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council meeting in Algiers , by a vote of 253 to 46. GULF WAR January 1991 Tel Aviv is hit by 368 Scud missiles launched by Us Military during the Persian Gulf War . AFTER GULF WAR June 1992 Yitzhak Rabin of the Labour Party elected Prime Minister. August 20 , 1993 Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin sign the Declaration Of Principles On Interim Self-Government in Oslo . PEACE PROCESS May 18 , 1994 Israeli forces withdraw from Jericho and Gaza City in compliance with the Oslo Accords . October 26 , 1994 Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty December 10 , 1994 Yitzhak Rabin , Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . September 28 , 1995 Interim Agreement On The West Bank And The Gaza Strip signed in Washington, DC . November 4 , 1995 Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated in Tel Aviv by Jewish extremist Yigal Amir . Shimon Peres assumes the position of acting Prime Minister. May 1996 Benjamin Netanyahu of the Likud Party is elected Prime Minister. October 23 , 1998 Benjamin Netanyahu and Yasser Arafat sign the Wye River Memorandum at a summit in Maryland hosted by Bill Clinton . May 17 , 1999 Ehud Barak of the Labour Party is elected Prime Minister. May 24 , 2000 The Israeli Army withdraws from southern Lebanon , in compliance with U.N. Resolution 425 . Syria and Lebanon insist that the withdrawal is incomplete, claiming the Shebaa Farms as Lebanese and still under occupation. The UN certifies full Israeli withdrawal. July 2000 The Camp David Summit between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat collapses after Arafat turns down a peace offer made by Barak without giving a counter-offer. Barak was prepared to offer the entire Gaza Strip, a Palestinian capitol in East Jerusalem, over 95% of the West Bank and financial reparations for Palestinian refugees for peace. November 22 , 2000 Two Israeli women killed and 60 civilians were wounded in a car bomb attack in Hadera. SECOND INTIFADA BEGINS September 28 , 2000 Right wing Israeli Opposition Leader Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount which is administered by a Muslim organization. The day after the visit violent confrontations erupt between Muslims and Israeli Police. The Sharon visit is the reason why the second intifada is also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada , after the Al Aqsa Mosque contained within the Noble Sanctuary (Temple Mount). This event is not considered to be the only cause of the second intifada. December 10 , 2000 Prime Minister Ehud Barak resigns. February 6 , 2001 Ariel Sharon of the Likud Party is elected Prime Minister. October 17 , 2001 Tourism Minister Rehavam Zeevi is assassinated in Jerusalem by the Popular Front For The Liberation Of Palestine . December 4 , 2001 A Charity known as the Holy Land Foundation For Relief And Development is shut down. Its Richardson, Texas headquarters and its offices in San Diego, California , Bridgeview, Illinois , and Paterson, New Jersey are searched. The charity is accused of funding Hamas . March 13 , 2002 The U.S. pushes through the passage of U.N. Resolution 1397 by the Security Council, demanding an "immediate cessation of all acts of violence" and "affirming a vision of a region where two states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders". March 14 , 2002 Israeli forces continue the raid on Ramallah and other West Bank towns. A helicopter attack near Tulkarm kills Mutasen Hammad and two bystanders. A bomb in Gaza destroys an Israeli tank which was escorting settlers, killing 3 soldiers and wounding 2. A taxi in Tulkarm explodes, killing 4 Palestinians. Palestinians execute two accused collaborators in Bethlehem , planning to hang one of the corpses near the Church Of The Nativity until Palestinian police stop them. March 29 , 2002 Israeli forces begin Operation Defensive Shield , an incursion into the West Bank . March 30 , 2002 A to condemn the wave of suicide bombings in Arabic, to his own people. Israeli spokespeople make similar demands. Arafat goes on television and swears in Arabic that he will "die a martyr, a martyr, a martyr". Members of Arafat's personal Al-Aqsa brigade state that they will refuse any form of cease-fire, and that they will continue suicide bombings of civilians in Israel. March 31 , 2002 Israeli troops exchange gunfire with guards of Yasir Arafat in Ramallah . In the past 18 months, according to the Associated Press , 1262 people have been killed on the Palestinian side and on 401 on the Israeli side; in March, 259 Palestinians and 130 Israelis were killed. April 2 , 2002 Israeli troops occupy Bethlehem . Dozens of armed Palestinian gunmen, many of whom Israel has identified as terrorists, occupy the Church Of The Nativity and hold the church and its clergy May 9 , 2002 Muhammad Al-Madani , governor of Bethlehem , leaves the Church Of The Nativity . Israel calls up additional reserve forces and moves tanks into position for an expected incursion into the Gaza Strip in retaliation for the most recent suicide bombing. April 12 , 2002 The Battle Of Jenin 2002 May 18 , 2002 Shin Bet officials announces they have arrested six Israelis for conspiring to bomb Palestinian schools in April, including Noam Federman , a leader of the Kach Movement of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane , and Menashe Levinger , son of Rabbi Moshe Levinger , a founder of the Hebron settlement. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS June 24 , 2002 US President George W. Bush calls for an independent Palestinian State living in peace with Israel. July 22 , 2002 IDF kills Salah Shahade , the leader of Hamas 's "military wing", the Izz ad-Din el-Qasam Brigades August 14 , 2002 Marwan Barghouti , captured April 15 , was indicted by a civilian Israeli court for murdering civilians and membership in a terrorist organisation. March 16 , 2003 Rachel Corrie , an American member of the International Solidarity Movement is crushed by an Israel Defence Forces Bulldozer , becoming the first ISM member to die in the conflict. Eyewitnesses allege murder, while Israel calls it a "regrettable accident". March 19 , 2003 Mahmoud Abbas appointed Prime Minister. March 24 , 2003 Hilltop 26 , an illegal Israeli settlement near the city of Hebron , is peacefully dismantled by the Israel Defence Force . April 30 , 2003 The details of the Road Map For Peace are released. May 27 , 2003 Ariel Sharon states that the "occupation" of Palestinian territories "can't continue endlessly." June 2 , 2003 A two-day summit is held in Egypt. Arab leaders announce their support for the road map and promised to work on cutting off funding to terrorist groups. June 29 , 2003 Hamas , Islamic Jihad and Fatah agree to a three-month cease-fire. August 19 , 2003 Islamic Jihad and Hamas claim joint responsibility for a suicide bombing that kills twenty Israelis. Mahmoud Abbas pledges a crackdown on militants. September 6 , 2003 Mahmoud Abbas resigns from the post of Prime Minister. October 16 , 2004 Israel officially ended a 17-day military operation, named Operation Days Of Penitence , in the northern Gaza Strip. The operation was launched in response to a Qassam Rocket that killed two children in Sderot . About 108-133 Palestinians were killed during the operation, of whom one third were civilians. Among the dead was 13 year old Iman Al-Hams who was shot repeatedly by an IDF soldier. November 11 , 2004 Yasser Arafat dies at the age of 75 in a hospital near Paris , after undergoing urgent medical treatment (since October 29, 2004). August, 2005 Israel removes all Jewish settlements and military equipment from the disputed territory of the Gaza Strip, ending its "occupation" of the area which began after 1967. Disengagement from Gaza Strip is followed by increase in Palestinian terrorist activity, including an increase in Hamas activities. SEE ALSO
EXTERNAL REFERENCE: Detailed Timeline (Chronology) of Israeli history and the Israeli-Arab Conflict |