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THE DOCTRINE OF SINLESSNESS OF MUHAMMAD Common beliefs
: “And if the apostle were to invent any sayings in Our name, We should certainly seize him by his right hand, And We should certainly then cut off the artery of his heart: Nor could any of you withhold him (from Our wrath).” 69:44-47. Sunni beliefs The understanding that Muhammad (and the Prophets in general) did commit sins does exist among Sunnis. However, the doctrine of sinlessness of Muhammad is also more or less incorporated into Sunnis beliefs. Some Sunni scholars believe that the doctrine of the sinlessness of the Prophets originated with the Shi'a, specifically in connection with the Imamate, and was transmitted to the Sunnis via the Sufis and Mu'tazila. The Sinlessness of the Prophets in Light of the Qur'an , by R. Azzam, ''USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts'', March 27, 2000, retrieved March 27, 2006. Shia scholars disagree Are Prophets of Allah not Sinless? , by Ali A. Khalfan, May 07, 2005, retrieved March 27, 2006. Some stories say that angels split Muhammad's breast when he was but a child and pulled out all the sin, which appeared as a clot of blood. Shia beliefs The doctorine of sinlessness is Shia'ism is called Ismah (Arabic/Persian: ِعصمت) literally means 'protection' and is generally translated as "sinlessness". Protection is believed to be of three types of "Protection from mistake in receiving the revelation from Allah", "Protection from mistake in conveying the revelation of Allah" and "Protection from sins." It is believed that all the prophets together with Fatima(daughter of Muhammad) and the twelve descendents of Muhammad through Fatima are sinless. Are Prophets of Allah not Sinless? , by Ali A. Khalfan, May 07, 2005, retrieved March 27, 2006 The Shi'a teaches that Muhammad, Fatima together with the twelve descendents of Muhammad through Fatima are purified by God (See the Event Of The Cloak ). They are commonly called fourteen infallibles. Though the fourteen infallibles are human being and may be tempted by Satan towards sin, it is believed that they will be helped by God to overcome Satan’s temptations. The following verse of Qur’an is sometimes cited to prove this position. :(Satan) said: "O my Lord! because Thou hast put me in the wrong, I will make (wrong) fair-seeming to them on the earth, and I will put them all in the wrong,- ''Except Thy servants among them, sincere and purified (by Thy Grace)''." (15:39-40) However, Shia Muslims believe that in the matters that there are several possibilities and doing each of them is allowed, the fourteen infallible may not choose the one that is most pleasing to God (Persian: ترك اولى). The alledged sin on the part of other prophets is also usually explained in the same way. Some relevant Qur’anic verses to Yusuf Ali translation : (Prophet Joseph said) "Nor do I absolve my own self (of blame): the (human) soul is certainly prone to evil, unless my Lord do bestow His Mercy: but surely my Lord is Oft- forgiving, Most Merciful." (12:53) :"Patiently, then, persevere: for the Promise of Allah is true: and ask forgiveness for thy fault, and celebrate the Praises of thy Lord in the evening and in the morning."(40:55) :“ That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow; fulfil His favour to thee; and guide thee on the Straight Way;” (48:2) :“Know, therefore, that there is no god but Allah, and ask forgiveness for thy fault, and for the men and women who believe: for God knows how ye move about and how ye dwell in your homes.” (47:19) WHEN WAS MUHAMMAD’S SOUL CREATED? Shia beliefs Some Shi'a believe that the souls of Muhammad and all the Fourteen Pure Ones were created at the beginning of the world, and it was through them that all the rest of creation arose. WHAT WAS THE FATE OF MUHAMMAD'S SOUL AFTER HIS DEATH? Barelvi views Barelvi s believe that Muhammad is not gone, but that his spirit pervades the world and can be reached by true seekers. : For the Barelvis, (who are mostly from the Pakistan province of Punjab) the holy Prophet is a superhuman figure whose presence is all around us at all times; he is Hazir (present); he is not Bashar (material or flesh) but Nur (light). {Link without Title} : It has been stated in the Hadith: "Verily, Almighty Allah has made it Haraam upon the earth to eat the bodies of the Ambiya". It has also been stated that Ambiya are alive and are blessed with Sustenance from Almighty Allah. {Link without Title} MUSLIM DESCRIPTION OF MUHAMMAD Common beliefs :Say: "I am but a man like yourselves, (but) the inspiration has come to me, that your Allah is one Allah. whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner. (18:110) MIRACLES Most Muslims believe that Muhammad performed miracles, such as splitting the moon. Not all Muslims accept such miraculous events. REFERENCES |