Information AboutIrnerius |
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Of his personal history little is known; his patron appears to have been the Countess Matilda Of Tuscany , Hildebrand 's friend, who died in 1115. After the death of Pope Paschal II , he defended the rights of Henry V in the papal election and upheld the legality of the election of the imperial Antipope Gregory VIII ; after 1116 he appears to have held some office under the emperor; and he died, perhaps during the reign of the emperor Lothair II , but certainly before 1140. Irnerius taught along lines firmly established in the teaching of Scripture, by reading aloud a section of the civil law, which the students would copy, and add to the text his commentary and explanatory Gloss es. Thus he was the first of the Glossators , whose explications of the law became an essential part of the legal curriculum. The text of Justinian's '' Pandects '' used in Bologna, referred to as the ''Littera Bononiensis'', closely parallel to the '' Littera Florentina '' would be disseminated throughout Europe as students returned home from Bologna: there are versions of the Bolognese ''Littera'' with provenances in Paris, Padua, Leipzig and at the Vatican (Purpura 2001). According to ancient opinion (which, however, has been much controverted), Irnerius was the author of the Epitome of the ''Novellae'' of Justinian, called the ''Authentica'', arranged according to the titles of the Code. His ''Formularium tabellionum'' (a directory for notaries) and ''Quaestiones'' (a book of judicial decisions) are no longer extant (''EB''). Irnerius was largely forgotten; his name was revived by German historians of the later 19th century. His name is also seen in manuscripts as Hirnerius, Hyrnerius, Iernerius, Gernerius, Guarnerius, Warnerius, Wernerius, Yrnerius. REFERENCES
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