Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte

Born in Borgo San Donnino , the son of a female beggar and an unknown father, the illiterate but vivacious and good-looking 14 year old was picked up on the streets of Parma by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Del Monte and officially adopted by the Cardinal's brother, Baldovino Ciocchi Del Monte. It is not known when he took the name Innocenzo. Cardinal Del Monte gave his new nephew a position in his household as a ''valero'', a menial role combining the offices of footman and dogsbody; he also appointed him Provost of the cathedral chapter of Arezzo, a title involving only nominal duties but with certain rights of income.

In February of 1550 Del Monte was elected Pope as Julius III , and immediately created the 17 year old Innocenzo a Cardinal. Attempts to give the boy an education which could have prepared him for ecclesiastic office had already proven useless - "a few social graces, a few bits of knowledge, perhaps about the glories of the Classical world, and Innocenzo's formal education was over." Nevertheless, Julius issued a Papal Bull declaring Innocenzo legitimate - a necessary move given that persons of illegitimate birth were not eligible for membership of the College Of Cardinals - and named him Cardinal Nephew , effectively in charge of all papal correspondence. But the role of secretary to the papacy proved manifestly beyond Innocenzo's abilities, and so, in order to find a way for his favourite to retain the appearance of power without having any real responsibility, Julius upgraded a hitherto minor position, that of ''secretary intimus'', which, as Cardinal Secretary Of State , was eventually to become the highest of Vatican offices. Innocenzo, although relieved of all real duties, continued to be showered with benefices and high offices, much to the disgust of his fellow cardinals.

Scandal continued to plague Innocenzo after Julius's death in 1555. In 1560 he was incarcerated in Castel Sant'Angelo for having killed two men who had "uttered ill words about him" while he was on his way to attend the papal Conclave the previous year; in 1567 he was accused of rape and subsequently imprisoned, first in the abbey of Montecassino , then in a monastery in Bergamo. Released through the intercession of those cardinals who still remembered with fondness the days of Pope Julius, and on earnest expressions of his reformed character, he returned to Rome in the reign of Pope Gregory XIII , " {Link without Title} ut his crown did not mean what it once did, because upon his return, Innocenzo was, once again, despised by all."

Innocenzo died in Rome on November 2 , 1577 , and was buried within a few hours, in complete anonymity, beneath an unmarked slab in the Del Monte chapel at the church of San Pietro In Montorio , Rome. "His burial was unattended. There was no commemoration of his cardinalate, and no prayers for the repose of his soul. Shunned and ignored in life, he was forgotten in death." Nevertheless, he was laid to rest beside his patron, Pope Julius, the man who was solely responsible for lifting the street urchin into a realm for which he was fitted neither by birth, education, nor natural gifts.

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Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte