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Indonesia includes numerous related but distinct cultural and linguistic groups, most of Malay stock. Since independence, Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) (the national language, a form of Malay ) has spread throughout the archipelago and has become the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local languages are still important in many areas, however. POPULATION DATA Population: 241,973,879 (July 2005 est.) Age structure: ''0-14 years:'' 29.1% (male 35,823,456; female 34,590,631) ''15-64 years:'' 65.7% (male 79,447,560; female 79,449,399) ''65 years and over:'' 5.2% (male 5,526,389; female 7,136,444) (2005 est.) Population growth rate: 1.45% (2005 est.) Birth rate: 20.71 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) Sex ratio: ''at birth:'' 1.05 male(s)/female ''under 15 years:'' 1.04 male(s)/female ''15-64 years:'' 1 male(s)/female ''65 years and over:'' 0.77 male(s)/female ''total population:'' 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.) Infant mortality rate: 35.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) Life expectancy at birth: ''total population:'' 69.57 years ''male:'' 67.13 years ''female:'' 70.13 years (2005 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.) Nationality: ''noun:'' Indonesian(s) ''adjective:'' Indonesian ETHNIC GROUPS There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua , have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to Austronesian linguistic family, although a significant number, particularly in Papua , speak Papuan Languages . In addition, there are roughly 5 million People Of Chinese Descent which speaks various Chinese Dialects , most notably Cantonese and Min Nan . The population ranking of the ethnic groups in Indonesia ( 2000 census) is as follows: : Malay 84.6% ( Javanese 41.7%, Sundanese 15.4%, Malay 3.4%, Madurese 3.3%, Batak 3.0%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.5%, Buginese 2.5%, Bantenese 2.1%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.5%, Sasak 1.3%, Makassarese 1.0%, Cirebon 0.9%, Other Malay 15.1%), Chinese 0.9%, Others 1.0% The regions of Indonesia and some of their ''traditional'' ethnic groups are as follows. Note however that due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government Transmigration Program s or otherwise), there are significant populations of ethic groups who reside outside of their traditional regions.
RELIGIONS Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 2%, Hindu 3%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998) Constitutional guarantees of religious freedom apply to the five religions recognized by the state, namely Islam (87%), Protestantism (5%), Catholicism (2%), Hinduism (3%) and Buddhism (2%), and In some remote areas, Animism is still practiced. LANGUAGES Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay ), English , Dutch , regional languages, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese . English is the most widely spoken foreign language. Some Chinese Dialect is also spoken. The public use of Chinese , especially Chinese characters, was discouraged between 1966 and 1998 . LITERACY ''definition:'' age 15 and over and can read and write ''total population:'' 87.9% ''male:'' 92.5% ''female:'' 83.4% (2005 est.) Education is not free; however, it is compulsory for children through grade 9. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS |