Information AboutHdi |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | |
| humans | |
| development | |
| life | |
| time | |
| SHOPPER'S DELIGHT | |
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, 2003. The UN Human Development Index ('''HDI''') is a comparative measure of Poverty , Literacy , Education , Life Expectancy , childbirth, and other factors for Countries worldwide. It is a standard means of Measuring Well-being , especially Child Welfare . The index was developed in 1990 by the Pakistan i Economist Mahbub Ul Haq , and has been used since 1993 by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual report. The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:
Each year, UN Member States Are Listed And Ranked according to these measures. Those high on the list often advertise it, as a means of attracting talented immigrants (economically, Individual Capital ) or discouraging emigration. An alternative measure, focusing on the amount of poverty in a country, is the Human Poverty Index . METHOD USED TO CALCULATE THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX In general to transform a raw Variable , say , into a unit-free Index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following Formula is used:
where and are the Lowest And Highest Values the variable can attain, respectively. The Human Development Index (HDI) then represents the average of the following three general indices:
LE: Life expectancy ALR: Adult literacy rate CGER: Combined gross enrolment ratio GDPpc: GNP per capita at PPP in USD 2005 REPORT The report for , and Sub-Saharan Africa , both of which show steady decline. Worsening education, economies, and mortality rates have contributed to HDI declines amongst countries in the first group, while HIV/AIDS and concomitant mortality is the principal cause of decline in the second group. Most of the data used for the 2005 report, indicating country HDIs for 2003 , are derived largely from 2003 or earlier. Not all UN Member States choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. Notable absences from the list (excluding micro-states) are Afghanistan , Iraq , Liberia , North Korea , Serbia And Montenegro , and Somalia . While these countries are either unwilling or unable to provide data, they are generally considered countries of medium to low human development. A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent ''low development'' and 30 of the 32 countries in that category are located in Africa , with the exceptions of Haiti and Yemen . The bottom ten countries are all in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan country, South Africa , is ranked 120th (with an HDI of 0.658), which is well above most other countries in the region. An HDI 0.8 or more is considered to represent ''high development''. This includes countries of northern and western Europe , Australia , Canada , the United States , and Japan . Other countries that exhibit high human development amidst countries with lower HDIs include (with their position) South Korea (28th), Costa Rica (47th), Cuba (52nd), and Panama (56th). ''Note: Number in parentheses indicates change in rank since last report.'' Top thirty countries (HDI range from 0.963 down to 0.878)
Bottom ten countries (HDI range from 0.281 up to 0.379)
Top/bottom three countries by region Africa 51. (↓ 16) 58. (=) 65. (↓ 1) ... 175. (=) 176. (↑ 1) 177. (↓ 1) Asia 11. (↓ 2) 22. (↑ 1) 23. (↓ 1) ... 139. (↓ 1) 140. (↑ 18) 151. (↓ 2) Europe 1. (=) 2. (↑ 5) 4. (↑ 11) ... 100. (↓ 3) 101. (↓ 10) 115. (↓ 2) North America 5. (↓ 1) 10. (↓ 2) 30. (↓ 1) ... 116. (↓ 1) 117. (↑ 4) 153. (=) Oceania 3. (=) 19. (↓ 1) 54. (↑ 9) ... 118. (↑ 11) 128. (↓ 4) 137. (↓ 4) South America 34. (=) 37. (↑ 6) 46. (=) ... 88. (↑ 1) 107. (↓ 3) 113. (↑ 1) PAST TOP COUNTRIES The number one ranked country in each year of the index. COUNTRIES NOT INCLUDED The following countries or territories are not ranked in the 2005 Human Development Index. Africa Asia Europe Oceania
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