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Guadalajara is the second largest city in Mexico , located in the Western-Pacific region. . Guadalajara is known as ''La Perla del Occidente'' ( Spanish for "Pearl of the West"), ''la Perla Tapatía'' ("tapatío" is an informal adjective of origin for people and things from Guadalajara) and, ''Ciudad de las Rosas''. The city is also the birthplace of Mariachi music and Charreadas .This beautiful city is consider the "most Mexican" city, and the capital of Jalisco, the "most Mexican" state. Guadalajara is also the home of the most popular and beloved soccer team in Mexico: Chivas Rayadas. During the Colonial era, Guadalajara became the capital of Nueva Galicia and after the Mexican War Of Independence it became the capital of the Intendencia Of Guadalajara . Guadalajara was settled in three different locations (Nochistlán, Tonalá and Tlacotlán) before the Atemajac Valley where it now rests. Beatriz Hernández was responsible for choosing the location saying "I bet for my King and it is my belief that we shall go to Atemajac Valley, and if it's done otherwise, it will be done in God's and the King's service, anything else would be showing cowardice". Guadalajara was then established in Atemajac Valley on February 14th 1542 under the Royal order of king Charles V . The Municipality of Guadalajara is the most populated in Mexico with 4,646,183 inhabitantsXII Censo General de Población y Vivienda 2000. INEGI. However, The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area also includes the municipalities of Zapopan , Tlaquepaque , Tonalá , Tlajomulco , Zapotlanejo and Ixtlahuacán Del Río totaling 7,655,250 inhabitants in 2000. Guadalajara is the Second Most Populous metro area after Mexico City. The city is named after Guadalajara , Spain whose name originates from the Arabic ''Wad-al-hidjara'', meaning "River Running Between Rocks". The city refers to itself as the Silicon Valley of Mexico. Such high-technology companies as General Electric , IBM , Intel , Hitachi , Hewlett Packard , Siemens , Flextronics and Solectron have facilities in the city or its suburbs. Famous people from Guadalajara include film star Gael Garcia Bernal and artist Xavier Martinez . The Universidad De Guadalajara , the state's public university, has its main campuses and administrative offices here.This University is the second largest in Mexico and ranks among the 10 largest in the world. Guadalajara has campii of several universities such as and, Atlas . On 28 October 2004 Guadalajara was declared the American Capital Of Culture for 2005 . Disaster See Also: 1992 explosion in Guadalajara Guadalajara is also known for the great disaster of April 22 , 1992 , which took place in the downtown district of Analco. Numerous explosions originated in the sewer system, which was inexplicably saturated with gasoline fumes and gasoline. During a period of four hours, several explosions destroyed kilometers of streets; in particular, Gante street was the most damaged. The force of the explosions was such, that some newspaper pictures show a bus atop a two-storied building's rooftop. Officially 206 people were killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 were left homeless. The affected area can be recognized by the more modern architecture, in stark contrast with the surrounding area, which has much older buildings. To date, Pemex, does not accept any responsibility for the enormous amounts of gasoline found in the sewage system, although it agreed to create a fund to compensate the families affected by this catastrophe. Pemex is a state agency solely responsible for drilling, refining, distributing and selling all oil products in Mexico. Guadalajara is a site of major seismological activity with a high-scale earthquake occurring about every 80 years. See also
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