| Goiania |
Articles about Goiânia |
Information AboutGoiania |
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Location and Communications Goiânia is the seat of the Goiânia Microregion made up of 17 cities with a population of 1,633,899 inhabitants (2000) in a total area of 6,848.00 km&2. A planned city like Brasília and Belo Horizonte, Goiânia was founded on October 24 1933 by Pedro Ludovico , the governor of the state of Goiás at the time. There are highway connections to the federal capital, Brasília, by BR-060, recently converted into a four-lane highway, and to São Paulo by BR-153. Railway connections were never developed and all transportation of goods is carried out by highway. There is an airport, Santa Genoveva (717,788 passengers in 2003), which handles national flights, and will be converted to international status soon. Climate The climate is tropical humid with an average temperature of 21.9 °C. The lowest average temperatures occur from May to August, 18.8 °C to 21.0 °C. The maximum lowest temperature recorded was 1.2 °C in July, the coldest month, although such lows are rare. Spring is the hottest season, with maximum temperatures averaging between 29 °C and 32 °C. Annual rainfall is around 1,400 mm. The economy The area around Goiânia is one of the richest in Brazil in agricultural production. Traditionally cattle were the main livelihood for the region and cattle-raising is still important. Because of the strategic location making the city practically equidistant from all the other Brazilian states, Goiânia has become a strategic center for industry and telecommunications. Today the economy is mainly based on commerce, the service industry and industry, above all food, clothes, furniture, and mining. Several food industries have been installed in the city and the surrounding area and the tomato canning industry has grown substantially. Cotton, soybeans and sunflower oil have also contributed to the development of the city. Goiânia is a national reference in several areas of medicine, especially ophtalmology, neurology, burn treatment, and leprosy. Green areas Goiânia is a sprawling city with numerous skyscrapers (see Photos of Goiânia for photos of the most important) dominating the center and one-floor family homes spreading out across the verdant tree-covered plain. Many of the streets are lined with tropical fruit trees and there are many parks with remnants of the original tropical vegetation. Thirty percent of the city area is planted in trees—3.75 of the 11 square km. The most important of these parks are the Parque Zoologico, Parque Vaca Brava, Parque Ecológico, Bosque dos Buritis and Parque Areião. In these places, refreshing lakes, vast vegetation and the sound of birds and animals can be appreciated. In Parque Areião there are still monkeys native to the area. Almost all of the parks are surrounded by walking paths. Parque Zoológico Created in 1946, it contains over one thousand animals, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. Five streams have their source in the park and there are numerous lakes. Buritis Park Situated in the center of the city this is Goiânia’s oldest green area. It has an area of 120,000 square meters. There is a running track and exercise area and three artificial lakes created by Buriti Stream. We can also find the Goiânia Art Museum and the Free Center of Arts. Vaca Brava Park Every day at dawn dozens of people begin their daily activities by walking or jogging along the sidewalk that encloses Parque Vaca Brava. It has an area of 18,000 square meters and contains a lake, a forest with native species and places for exercise. Cobra Veiga – Center for Snake Research Located in an area of 44,000.50 sq.m., it has an infrastructure for 750 serpents of different species, in addition to a laboratory and a rodent house. Its main activities are the extraction of poison for medicinal purposes, research on behaviour of serpents in captivity and the recuperation of degraded areas and the preservation of springs and their forest. Museums The most important museums are the Museu Antropológico da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto Goiano de Pré-História e Antropologia, Fundação Museu de Ornitologia, Museu de Arte Contemporânea and Museu Zoroastro Artiaga. Leisure The leisure options are diversified. There are five shopping centers. In sports there are numerous gyms, public and private. The city has one of the most beautiful Brazilian football stadiums, the Serra Dourada, in addition to the International Racetrack Ayrton Senna, a Cart track and a horserace track. Education Goiania has a federal university - the Universidade Federal de Goiás -and a major private university - Universidade Católica de Goiás - in addition to countless small private colleges. History of the city The idea of the transfer of the state capital came about from the need to locate it in accordance with the economic interests of the state. The first state capital – Vila Boa, today Goiás Velho – had been chosen when the economy was based on gold extraction. Later it was demonstrated that cattle-raising and agriculture had become the most important factors in development and the old state capital was too out of the way. Legislators kept the idea of a change alive for a long time. In 1891 the constitutional delegates made the idea of the transfer of the capital official including it in the constitution, ratifying it in 1898 and later in 1918. Vaguely remembered until 1930, the idea of a change only became reality during the government of Pedro Ludovico, who was the new governor appointed for the state of Goiás after the military revolt of 1930. In 1932 a commission was created to choose the place where the new capital would be built. In 1933 the commission decided on the present location and the foundation stone was erected. The plan was for a city of 50,000 with the shape of a concentric radius – streets in the form of a spoke, with the Praça Cívica as the center, with the seats of the state and municipal government – The Palace of Emeralds and the Palace of Campinas. In 1937 a decree was signed transferring the state capital from the Cidade de Goiás to Goiânia. The official inauguration only occurred in 1942 with the presence of the president of the republic, governors, and ministers. The name, Goiânia, came about in 1933 after a contest was put on by a local newspaper. Readers from all over the state contributed, with some of the most voted names being Petrônia, Americana, Petrolândia, Goianópolis, Goiânia, Bartolomeu Bueno, Campanha, Eldorado, Anhanguera, Liberdade, Goianésia, and Pátria Nova, among others. In 1935 Pedro Ludovico used the name Goiânia for the first time signing a decree creating the municipio of Goiânia. ART DECO The first buildings in this planned city designed by Artílio Correia Lima were inspired by Art Deco . The collection of buildings in the city is considered one of the most important in Brazil. Mostly build in the 1940's and 1950's they have been recognized by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage. Included are 22 buildings and monuments, the original center of Goiânia, and the pioneering nucleus of Campinas, the town that gave birth to Goiânia. INTERESTING FACTS
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